Flashcards in Mutation & Evalution Deck (23)
Loading flashcards...
0
What does sensitivity testing do?
Tests the effectiveness/resistance of an antibiotic.
1
Broad range antibiotics do what?
Attack everything
2
Narrow range antibiotics do what?
Attacks a small portion of a bacteria
3
What are Pedigrees?
Visualization and tracking tool for genetic traits across generations
4
What is DNA Replication?
S phase of Interphase
copying of an organisms entire genome
critical step in cell replication
5
What is Beginning Replication?
Origins of replication
point where dna can be easily opened up
made up of alot of Adenines & Thymines? AT Rich
6
How many bonds can A:T have?
2 Bonds (easily opened up)
7
How many bonds can GC have?
3 Bonds (Harder to open up)
8
Describe small chromosomes?
Bacterial, circular
4.6 million bases
not alot of complexing proteins
no garbage dna
A single origin of replication
replication occurs simultaneously in opposite directions
9
Describe large chromosomes
Humans, have multiple linear chromosomes
3.3 billion bases, highly complexed w/ proteins
most is garbage dna
multiple origins of replication
DNA replication is semi-conservative
10
Replication Process
Carried out by a series of enzymes conserved across all cells
11
Replication Bubble
Point where DNA is open & being replicated.
12
1. DNA Primase
Puts down a short sequence of RNA
to begin building DNA off of "primer" & eventually removed then replaced by DNA
13
2. DNA Helicase
separates 2 strands to allow the replication machinery to access the dna
14
3. DNA Polymerase
Responsible for DNA synthesis, puts down new nucleotides.
2 working simultaneously in each replication bubble
shaped like a hand with thumbs
functions are dna synthesis proof reading to see if there has been a mistake. & remove faulty nucleotides.
15
4. Dna ligase
Seals gaps in the dna backbone (sealent)
16
5. DNA Gyrase
(Topoismerase)
works far ahead of the replication machinery
relives tension in the dna created by the opening the strands & moving the bubble
17
Name the 5 DNA Enzymes
1. DNA Primase
2. DNA Helicase
3. DNA Polymerase
4. DNA Ligase
5. DNA Gyrase
18
5' -> 3' is what strand?
Leading strand
19
3' -> 5' Prime is which strand?
Lagging strand
20
Which way does the Lagging strand read?
3' -> 5'
21
Which way does the Leading strand read?
5' -> 3'
22
