Flashcards in Nucleic Acids Deck (26)
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What are Nucleic Acids?
Building blocks of genetic material
informational library of every organism.
1
How many categories of Nucleic Acid are there?
2.
(DNA/RNA)
2
What is DNA?
DeoxyriboNucleicAcid
3
What does DNA do?
Stores infromation.
4
What is RNA?
RiboNucleicAcid
5
What does RNA do?
Intermediate molecule between DNA & protien
6
What are Nucleosides?
Carbon macromolecules in a ring structure.
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Name the 5 common Nucleosides
Uracil
Thymine
Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
8
DNA composition:
Thymine
Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
(NO URACIL)
9
How many common Nucleosides in a ring structure?
5
Uracil, Thymine, Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine.
10
RNA Composition:
Uracil
Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
NO Thymine
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What does RNA NOT have?
Thymine
12
What does DNA NOT have?
Uracil
13
Name the DNA/RNA pairings:
AT : TA
GC : CG
UT : TU
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How many Hydrogen bonds does A:T make?
Adenine & Thymine make 2 hydrogen bonds
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How many hydrogen bonds do G:C make?
Guanine & Cytosine make up 3 hydrogen bonds.
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What do A:T together make?
Access point to our DNA.
Bonding to create a nucleic acid backbone
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What is the DNA strands called?
Alpha Helical Structure.
18
list the levels of genetic organizations
1. Nucleotides - Individual Subunits (letters)
2. Codon - 3 letter groupings of nucleotides. Indicate specific amino acids. (words)
3. Genes - Multiple codons grouped together in a single structure. (sentance/paragraph)
4. Chromosomes - Multiple genes grouped together in a single structure. (book)
5. Genome - All the genetic information for that organism. (library)
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Name the two different Levels (kinds) of Chromosomes structure.
1. Circular Chromosomes
2. Linear Chromosomes
20
Describe circular chromosomes
simple, no "garbage" dna
begin usually where they end
usually small
~ 2000 genes
(example: Bacterial chromosomes - mitochondrial dna)
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Describe linear chromosomes
simple or complex, can contain alot of "garbage" dna
can be quite large
beginning point & distinct end point.
tend to be very highly complexed w/ proteins.
(Example: Human chromosomes)
~ 25,000 genes
alot of garbage dna codes for nothing
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What are Plasmids?
Miniature chromosomes.
most often used by bacteria
contain at least one beneficial gene
antibiotic resistance
can be shared between between bacteria
helps the bacteria to survive
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What are viruses?
Hijack cells to produce more viruses.
Genetic code that allows for invasion of a cell
conversion of a cell, killing of a cell.
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What do Lytic Viruses do?
Infect a host cell
convert it to a viral factory
ultimately kill the cell & move on
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