1. Yeasts 2. Molds 3. Mushrooms

MYCO Flashcards by LUIMER RAMOS

(Chytrids)

Chytridiomycota

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

(Yeast and Sac fungi)

. Ascomycota

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

bread molds)

Zygomycota

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

FUNGAL FORMS

Yeasts
Molds
Mushrooms

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

(club fungi)

Basidiomycota

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The study of fungi that impacts human health

MEDICAL MYCOLOGY

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Fungal infection involving only the skin and/or Hair

SUPERFICIAL

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

– A chronic,
superficial fungal disease of the skin characterized by well
demarcated white, pink, fawn, or brownish scaly lesions.

. Pityriasis versicolor/ Tinea Versicolor –

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Lacks immune response from host
No living tissue invaded
Asymptomatic

SUPERFICIAL

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

. Pityriasis versicolor/ Tinea Versicolor Etiological Agent-

Malassezia species

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Characterized by appearance, primarily on
palms of the hand and occasionally the plantar and the other
surfaces of the skin as brown to black non-scaly macules

b. Tinea nigra

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

White Piedra Etiologic Agent-

Trichosporon spp.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

b. Tinea nigra Etiologic Agent-

Hortaea werneckii (Exophiala
werneckii, Phaeoannellomyces werneckii,
Cladosporum werneckii

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Fungal infection of the hair shaft with soft
greyish nodules

White Piedra

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

d. Black Piedra Etiologic Agent-

Piedraia hortaea

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

chronic localized disease of the skin
and subcutaneous tissues, characterized by crusted, warty
lesions usually involving the limbs.

Chromoblastomycosis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

hard black nodules on the shafts of the
scalps, beard, and pubic hair/ - does not penetrate hair follicle, scalp hair are rough and
sandy

d. Black Piedra

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

. Sporotrichosis caused by?

Sporothrix schenckii

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

fungal infection involving only the skin, hair and nails - pathological changes and inflammatory response occur in
the host. - Symptomatic

CUTANEOUS

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Manifestations: Ulcer discharging viscous, purulent fluid with
varying size granules

mycetoma

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Rose gardener’s disease

. Sporotrichosis-

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

chronic, slowly progressive granulomatous
infection. - Infection in subcutaneous or skin tissue -
Maduramycosis or Madura Foot

a. Mycetoma-

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

also called Tinea or Ringworm - Disease of the nails, hair, and skin caused by
filamentous fungi called Dermatophytes

a. Dermatophytosis –

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Chronic, localized infections of the skin and subcutaneous
tissue following traumatic implantation of causative agent - Agents of subcutaneous mycoses usually inhabit the soil - caused by fungi with saprophytic existence in nature.

SUBCUTANEOUS

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Chronic subcutaneous lesions - Does NOT produce sclerotic bodies

Phaeohyphomycosis-

Chromoblastomycosis etiologic agents

Cladophialophora carrionii, Fonsecaea species complex Phialophora verrucosa

- Subcutaneous noduloulcerative lesions

. Sporotrichosis-

hronic subepidermal infection - Characterized by Keloidalm Verrucois, Nodular lesions

e. Lobomycosis-

e. Lobomycosis causative agent

Lacazia loboi

an intracellular mycotic infection of the reticuloendothelial system

Histoplasmosis

Fungal infections that invade the deep organs

4. SYSTEMIC

- Predominantly affect people with immunocompromising conditions, however, some mycoses known as the endemic mycoses can cause disease in healthy individuals.

4. SYSTEMIC

two types of systemic infection

dimorphic, oppurtunistic

a. Blastomycosis Clinical Manifestations-

o Pulmonary Blastomycosis o Cutaneous Blastomycosis o Osteoarticular Blastomycosis

. Blastomycosis EA?

Blastomycoses dermatitidis

initially a respiratory infection that mat progress to a chronic pulmonary condition to a systemic disease involving meninges, bones, joints, and subcutaneous and cutaneous tissues.

Coccidioidomycosis

Coccidioidomycosis EA?

: Coccidioides immitis

Histoplasmosis- most common variant

Var. capsulatum

Histoplasmosis Lymphangitis in horse

Var. Farciminosum-

Histoplasmosis african type

Var. Duboisii-

. Paracoccidioidomycosis Clinical Manifestations:

o Pulmonary Paracoccidioidomycosis o Mucocutaneous Paracoccidioidomycosis o Lymphonodular Paracoccidioidomycosis o Disseminated Paracoccidioidomycosis

Paracoccidioidomycosis EA?

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

Geographic Distribution: South America and Central America

Paracoccidioidomycosis

Talaromyces marneffei infection EA?

: Talaromyces marneffei

Talaromyces marneffei infection Clinical Manifestions: Normal immunity:

Disseminated or Focal (Mimics TB)

Talaromyces marneffei infection Clinical Manifestions: Immunosupressed:

Disseminated (Mimics Cryptococcosis/ Histoplasmosis)

- Fungal elements appear as gram-positive or gram- negative.

Gram Stain

– Differential staining technique based on bacterial cell wall structure

Gram Stain

breaks down the proteinaceous components of the host cells without altering the structure of the fungal elements that are present

KOH

o Can be helpful in revealing fungal elements in wet mounts when examined under a fluorescence microscope

KOH with Calcfluor White

is a compound that stain the fungal cell wall

calcofluor white

1. AB test

- Immunodiffusion - Radioallergosorbent Test (RAST)

negative stain o Used for Cerebrospinal Fluid

India Ink-

The polysaccharide capsule of cryptococcus spp exclude the ink particles giving a “clear halo: around the organism

India Ink-

2. AG test

- Latex Agglutination - Radioimmunoassay

- - - - Eukaryotic unicellular fungi Reproduces by budding Moist to waxy colonies Round to oval Elongate or irregular in shape

YEAST

Yeast cell membrane

D Ergosterol

YEAST cell wall

Chitin also L-glucans and Mannans

- Primary Isolation Medium for Yeasts - Acidic pH 5.0 - High concentration of suga

a. Sabouraud Dextrose Agar

SDA with chloramphenicol and cycloheximide - Selective medium for isolation of fungi

. Mycosel Agar

test to determine if isolated colony is bacteria or yeast

a. Wet Mount

- used to differentiate Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis from other yeast

b. Germ tube

- Corn meal with tween 80 agar test - For distinguishing various species of Candida and other yeasts

. Dalmau Plate Method

The basic structural unit of mold is?

Hypha

mold Divided into cells by the development of

Cross-walls (septa)

mold observe growth in?

Mycosel agar

mold reproduce by?

conidia

Lactophenol Cotton Blue (LPCB) Mount: – kills any live microorganisms

Phenol –

Disadvantage: o Only superficial structures of fungi tent to stick to the tape o Rarely used technique because of inconvenience

. Scotch Tape Method/ cellophane tape method

lactophenol Cotton Blue (LPCB) Mount: Preserves fungal structures

. Lactic Acid

Advantage o Compared to tease mount technique, morphology appears intact

2. Scotch Tape Method/ cellophane tape method

lactophenol Cotton Blue (LPCB) Mount: Stain the Chitin present in the fungal cell wall

Cotton blue

- Disadvantage: morphology is not intace

1. Tease Mount Technique

holoblastic or enteroblastic)

Conidium wall

(clamps, spiral, favic, chandelier)

Hyphal Structure (

CONIDIODENOUS CELLS TYPES OF CONIDIOGENOUS CELLS

* Annelids * Phialide * Thallic Conidiogenesis

(ascomata, Ascospores, sporangiospores)

Sexual structures

• Classic pigment & morphology, but not necessarily the best primary growth or sporulation. • Poor recovery of dermatophytes and other groups of organisms.

Sabouraud's Dextrose Agar (SDA)

- Enhances reproductive structures production • Enhances colony color

Potato Dextrose or Flakes Agar (PDA/PFA)

• Enhances growth of dimorphic fungi

Brain Heart Infusion Agar

Contains both CHLORAMPHENICOL (inhibits bacterial growth) and CYCLOHEXIMIDE (inhibits saprobic fungi and some opportunists and true pathogens)

Mycosel Agar

• Partially differential and selective for dermatophytes. * With antibiotics to inhibit bacteria • With cycloheximide to inhibit most non-dermatophytes * With indicator to demonstrate increase in pH = consistent with dermatophyte growth.

Dermatophyte Test Medium