MYCO & VIROLOGY L5 (Semis- Virology Intro)

Question 1

Can be made up with an Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) or Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) genome (but can’t be both)

Answer 1

Virion

Question 2

Virus particles can only be observed by

Answer 2

electron microscope

Question 3

Morphology

Answer 3

• Helical
• Icosahedral
• Complex

Question 4

Virus family names have the suffix?

Answer 4

-viridae

Question 4

Q1: Subdivisions of within each family is called?

Q2: And this is usually based on?

Answer 4

Q1: Genera

Q2: physiochemical and serologic differences

Question 4

Genus names carry the suffix?

Answer 4

-virus

Question 5

The only one order that has been currently defined

Answer 5

Mononegavirales which encompasses the Filoviridae, Paramyxoviridae, and Rhabdoviridae families

Question 6

Recognition of a suitable host cell and specific binding between viral capsid proteins (often glycoprotein spikes) and the carbohydrate receptor of the host cell

Answer 6

Attachment or Adsorption

Question 7

Viral Tropism

Answer 7

Attachment or Adsorption

Question 8

Phagocytosis by host cells (endocytosis)

Answer 8

Penetration or Virus Entry

Question 9

Process by which the capsid is removed

Answer 9

Uncoating

Question 10

Production of nucleic acids and protein polymers

Answer 10

Macromolecular Synthesis

Question 11

Fusion of the viral envelope with the host cell membrane

Answer 11

Penetration or Virus Entry

Question 12

A process by which structural proteins, genomes, and in some cases, viral enzymes are assembled into virus particles

Answer 12

Viral Assembly

Question 12

In viral assembly, envelopes are acquired during the ___________ from a host cell membrane

Answer 12

viral “budding”

Question 13

Occurs after cell lysis (lytic virus) or by virus particle budding from cytoplasmic membranes

Answer 13

Release of Intact Virus Particles

Question 14

Enumerate the stages of Viral Replication

Answer 14

1. Attachment or Adsorption
2. Penetration or Virus Entry
3. Uncoating
4. Macromolecular Synthesis
5. Viral Assembly
6. Release of Intact Virus Particles

Question 15

Displaying evident signs and symptoms

Answer 15

Acute Infection

Question 16

Has no visible signs and symptoms, but the virus is still present in the host cell in a lysogenic state (inserted into the host genome in a resting state) or maintained as a nuclear or cytoplasmic episome

Answer 16

Latent Infection

Question 16

In which low levels of virus are detectable and the degree of visible signs or symptoms varies

Answer 16

Chronic or persistent infection

Question 17

In latent infection, there are no visible signs and symptoms, however, the virus is still present in the cell in a? (2 pts)

Answer 17

Lysogenic state and maintained as a nuclear or cytoplasmic episome

Question 18

The term used that refers to the insertion of the virus into the host genome in a resting state

Answer 18

Lysogenic state

Question 19

Swab specimens should not contain these substances because they may be toxic to cultured cells (2pts)

Answer 19

chemicals or other compounds

Question 20

These are are considerably more convenient

Answer 20

Swabs

Question 21

For the recovery of enteroviruses, adenoviruses, and HSV

Answer 21

Throat swabs

Question 22

Preferred for the detection of RSV and influenza and parainfluenza viruses

Answer 22

Nasopharyngeal swab or aspirate specimens:

Question 23

For viruses that infect the lower respiratory tract, especially influenza viruses and adenoviruses

Answer 23

Bronchial and Bronchoalveolar washings

Question 24

Washings and lavage fluid are collected during?

Answer 24

Bronchoscopy

Question 25

Used to detect rotavirus, enteric adenoviruses (serotypes 40 and 41), and enteroviruses

Answer 25

Rectal Swabs and Stool Specimens

Question 26

Preferred sample for detecting rotavirus, enteric adenoviruses (serotypes 40 and 41), and enteroviruses

Answer 26

Stool sample

Question 27

Virus recovery for urine

Answer 27

- Centrifugation or filtration - Neutralize the pH with a 7.5% solution of a sodium bicharbonate

Question 27

Acceptable for detecting enteroviruses in patients suspected of having an enteroviral disease

Answer 27

Rectal swabs

Question 27

Method for collecting urine

Answer 27

Clean-catch first-morning urine (first-void urine)

Question 28

Sample volume for blood spx

Answer 28

5-10mL of anticoagulated blood

Question 28

Used for detecting CMV: mumps, rubella, and measles viruses; polyomaviruses; and adenovirus

Answer 28

Urine

Question 29

Used for detecting CMV; however, HSV, VZV, enteroviruses, and adenovirus

Answer 29

Blood

Question 29

Should be used for samples collected for nucleic acid testing

Answer 29

EDTA

Question 30

Additives that are acceptable for CMV detection (3pts)

Answer 30

Heparinized, Citrated or EDTA

Question 31

Should be used when other viruses are being considered

Answer 31

Citrated blood

Question 32

For serologic tests and nucleic acid assays

Answer 32

Serum

Question 33

Used for detecting CMV, influenza virus, adenovirus, sin nombre virus, HSV

Answer 33

Tissue

Question 34

Collected during surgical procedures

Answer 34

Tissue

Question 35

Used for HSV and human papillomavirus (HPV) detection

Answer 35

Genital specimens

Question 35

Preferred for nucleic acid assays, but formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues may be used

Answer 35

Fresh tissue

Question 36

Collected as soon as possible after the appearance of symptoms

Answer 36

Acute specimens

Question 37

Collected a minimum of 2 to 3 weeks after the acute specimen

Answer 37

Convalescent specimens

Question 37

Sample volume for Serum Antibody Testing

Answer 37

3 to 5mL of serum

Question 38

Viral transport medium used

Answer 38

Saline or trypticase soy broth

Question 39

The viral transport medium should consist of a buffered isotonic solution with a protein such as? (GAS)

Answer 39

Gelatin, Albumin, Serum

Question 40

Purpose of buffered isotonic solution with a protein

Answer 40

To protect less stable viruses

Question 41

Specimens should not be frozen unless a significant delay (________) in processing is anticipated (held at ____________)

Answer 41

>4 days; -70 degrees Celsius

Question 41

Samples that can be collected with viral transport media are? (3pts)

Answer 41

Respiratory, swab, and tissue samples

Question 41

Specimens should be stored at?

Answer 41

4C

Question 42

Specimens should never be stored at?

Answer 42

**-20C!!!!!**

Question 43

Methods in Diagnostic Virology

Answer 43

- Direct detection of the virus in clinical specimens - Nucleic acid-based detection - Isolation of viruses in cell cultures - Serologic assays to detect antibodies to virus

Question 44

The gold standard method/ equipment used for Viral testing.

Answer 44

Embryonated Hen's eggs or Isolation of viruses in cell cultures (based sa transes)

Question 45

What do you call the fusion of the viral envelope with the host cell membrane?

Answer 45

Virus entry

Question 46

The following are all parts of a virion except for what? A. Peplomere B. Capsid C. Envelope D. All of the above E. None of the above

Answer 46

E. None of the above

Question 47

Which of the following is not a commonly known respiratory virus? A. Influenza B. RSV C. HSV D. Rhinovirus

Answer 47

D. HSV

Question 48

This is the preferred sample for nucleic acid assays

Answer 48

Tissues