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SECOND SEM 3rd YEAR > CC2 LAB: Endocrinology (Quiz 3) > Flashcards

CC2 LAB: Endocrinology (Quiz 3) Flashcards

1
Q

Study of Hormones

A

ENDOCRINOLOGY

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2
Q

GENERAL FUNCTIONS OF ENDOCRINOLOGY:

A
  1. Regulatory: constancy of chemicals
  2. Morphogenesis: Growth/Development
  3. Integrative
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3
Q

Released because of critical levels of ions/Nutrients

A

Humoral Stimulus

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4
Q

Released caused by neural input

A

Neural Stimulus

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5
Q

Released caused by another hormone

A

Hormonal Stimulus

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6
Q

Release hormones to blood (by diffusion)

A

Endocrine glands

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7
Q

Could be Strictly endocrine or organs that have hormone production as one of its function

A

Endocrine glands

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8
Q

From the Greek word “Hormon” meaning

A

“to set in motion”

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9
Q

Secreted by cells to extracellular fluid

A

Hormones

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10
Q

Long distance chemical signals

A

Hormones

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11
Q

Hormones regulate metabolic functions which provide changes in:

A
  1. membrane permeability 2. stimulate protein
  2. synthesis regulatory molecules
  3. activate or deactivate enzyme
  4. induce secretory activity 6. stimulate mitosis
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12
Q

Action Categories: synthesize in one location

A

Endocrine

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13
Q

Action Categories: synthesized in the endocrine cells

A

Paracrine, Autocrine & Juxtacrine

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14
Q

Action Categories: released to lumen of gut, binds to cells of gut

A

Exocrine

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15
Q

Action Categories: synthesized in neurons

A

Neurocrine

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16
Q

Action Categories: synthesized in nerve endings

A

Neuroendocrine & Neurotransmission

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17
Q

Action Categories:
Enters circulation and binds specific cells at distant site to elicit response

A

Endocrine

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18
Q

Action Categories: Enters interstitial spaces and binds specific receptor in adjacent gland for its effect

A

Paracrine

19
Q

Action Categories: Enters interstitial space and binds specific receptor cell of the origin to autoregulate its function

A

Autocrine

20
Q

Action Categories: Remains associated with plasma membrane and acts on adjacent receptor by direct cell to cell

A

Juxtacrine

21
Q

Action Categories: moves to extracellular space, binds to receptors in nearby cells for its action

A

Neurocrine

22
Q

Action Categories: enters the circulation, interacts with receptor of cells of distant sites

A

Neuroendocrine

23
Q

Action Categories: crosses synapse and binds to receptors in another neuron affecting its action

A

Neurotransmission

24
Q

cyclal patterns of hormone release

A

Biorhythms

25
Q

Biorhythms types

A
  1. Circadian/Diurnal
  2. Infradian – occur over a period of time greater than 24hours
  3. Ultradian – less than 1 day
26
Q

Hormone concentration is controlled by:

A
  1. Rate of production/Synthesis
  2. Efficiency of delivery
  3. Metabolism
27
Q

Chemical Categories: Hydrophobic (non-water soluble)

A

Steroids

28
Q

Chemical Categories: Water soluble

A

Polypeptides

29
Q

Chemical Categories: Freely circulating

A

Amino Acid derived

30
Q

Example of Steroids

A

Cortisol
Progesterone
Estrogen
Testosterone
Aldosterone

31
Q

Example of Polypeptides

A

PTH
Insulin
LH
FSH
TSH
TRH
ACTH
Prolactin
GH
Calcitonin

32
Q

Example of Amino Acid Derived

A

Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
T3
T4

33
Q

Chemical Categories: Bound to proteins

A

Amino Acid derived

34
Q

Chemical Categories: Circulate freely & Only when needed

A

Polypeptides

35
Q

Mechanism of Hormone Action

A
  1. Cell Surface Receptors
  2. Nuclear Receptors
36
Q

Interaction of hormones to target cells:

A
  1. Permissiveness
  2. Synergism
  3. Antagonism
37
Q

hydrophobic, from cholesterol and needs a carrier protein

A

Steroids

38
Q

hydrophilic, no need of carrier and usually in low concentrations

A

Proteins

39
Q

when 1 hormone cannot exert its full effect without another hormone being present

A

Permissiveness

40
Q

more than one hormone produce same effects on target cells

A

Synergism

41
Q

one hormone opposes the action of another hormone

A

Antagonism

42
Q

Target Cell Specificity response depends on

A
  1. Blood levels of hormones
  2. number of receptors
  3. Affinity of receptors to
    hormones
43
Q
A

SECOND SEM 3rd YEAR (38 decks)

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