MYCO & VIROLOGY L6 (Semis- Respiratory Viruses) Flashcards
Jannine was here :P (130 cards)
1
Q
An isolate whose genome sequence differs from that of a reference virus
A
Variant
2
Q
A virus isolated from an infected host and propagated in culture
A
Isolate
3
Q
A variant that possesses unique and stable phenotypic characteristics
A
Strain
4
Q
Describe viruses of the same species that are antigenically different
A
Serotype
5
Q
Genetic makeup of the virus
A
Genotype
6
Q
Examples or Characteristics of a Strain
A
- A variant that binds to a different receptor
- Binds more strongly to a receptor
- Ability to replicate quickly
- Higher transmissibility
7
Q
MOT: less than 5 micrometer in diameter, suspended in the air for a significant period , travel distance greater than 1 meter
A
Airborn or small droplet of nuclei
7
Q
IDENTIFY VIRUS BASED ON RECEPTOR: ICAM-1
A
Poliovirus & Rhinovirus
7
Q
MOT of Respiratory viruses (3pts)
A
- Droplets
- Fomites
- Airborne or small droplets of nuclei
7
Q
IDENTIFY VIRUS BASED ON RECEPTOR: HVEM
A
Herpes
7
Q
IDENTIFY VIRUS BASED ON RECEPTOR: Human Nucleolin (NCL)
A
Respiratory Snycytial Virus (RSV)
7
Q
MOT: Greater than 5 micrometer in diameter o travel distance in less than 1 meter on the ground
A
Droplet
7
Q
IDENTIFY VIRUS BASED ON RECEPTOR: CD4
A
HIV
7
Q
T or F: Respiratory viruses affect all age groups
A
TRUE
7
Q
Respiratory viruses are viruses that cause infection in the respiratory tract through invasion of the?
A
respiratory mucosa
8
Q
IDENTIFY VIRUS BASED ON RECEPTOR: HUMAN ACE-2
A
COVID-19
9
Q
IDENTIFY VIRUS BASED ON RECEPTOR: Acetylcholine
A
Rabies
10
Q
IDENTIFY VIRUS BASED ON RECEPTOR: EGF
A
Vaccinia
10
Q
IDENTIFY VIRUS BASED ON RECEPTOR: CR2/CD21
A
Epstein-Barr
11
Q
IDENTIFY VIRUS BASED ON RECEPTOR: Sialic Acid
A
Parainfluenza, Reo, Influenza, Corona (PRIC)
11
Q
IDENTIFY VIRUS BASED ON RECEPTOR: DDP40
A
MERS-COV
12
Q
IDENTIFY TARGET CELL BASED ON VIRUS:
Q1: Avian Influenza A
Q2: RSV, Adenovirus, Coronavirus, Influenza Virus
A
Q1: Ciliated epithelial cells
Q2: Type 2 Pneumocyte
12
Q
IDENTIFY TARGET CELL BASED ON VIRUS:
Q1: RSV & Adenovirus
Q2: Human Influenza Virus
A
Q1: Type 1 Pneumocyte
Q2: Non-ciliated epithelial cells
13
Q
Cytopathic effect of Adenovirus
A
Lysis
14
Cytopathic effect of Influenza virus
Replicons in the cell (nucleus only)
14
Cytopathic effect of RSV and PIV
replicons in the cell (nucleus & cytoplasm)
15
Cytopathic effect of Influenza A & Coronavirus
Apoptosis
16
Cytopathic effect of Negri bodies (rabies), Adenovirus, and RSV
manifest as Inclusions
17
Cytopathic effect of Coronavirus
Replicons in the cell (cytoplasm only)
18
Identify:
- Naked, dsDNA
- Incubation: 2 days – 2 weeks
Adenovirus
18
State the Family & Genus:
1. Adenovirus
2. RSV
1. Family- adenoviridae
Genus- mastadenovirus
2. Family- Paramyxoviridae
Genus- pneumovirus
19
State the Family & Genus:
3. Influenza
4. Parainfluenza
5. Coronavirus
3. Family- Orthomyxoviridae
Genus- Thogotovirus (based on google)
4. Family- Paramyxoviridae
Genus- Paramyxovirus (PIV 1&3) or Rubulavirus (PIV 2&4)
5. Family- Coronaviridae
Genus- Coronavirus
19
Treatment & If Vaccine is available:
1. Adenovirus
2. RSV
3. Influenza
1. Treatment- not stated; adenovirus vaccine for serotype 4 and 7
2. Treatment- Ribavirin, Palivizumab (severe cases)
No vaccines
3. Treatment- Not stated; no vaccine
20
Common cold and Mild and self-limiting
Adenovirus
20
Treatment & If Vaccine is available:
4. Parainfluenza
5. Coronavirus (SARS-COV)
4. Treatment- Aerosolized ribavirin
No vaccine available
5. Treatment- Remdesivr (Veklury), Paxlovid, and Molnupiravir
Vaccine is available
20
Peak seasons: winter and early spring
- Adenovirus & RSV
21
How many serotypes are there in Adenovirus?
51 serotypes
21
In severe cases of this virus include 10% pneumonia or 5-15% gastroenteritis in children
Adenovirus
21
Common Serotypes of Adenovirus
Serotypes 1-8, 11, 21, 35, 37, 40
22
Serotypes of Adenovirus that cause epidemic keratoconjunctivitis
8, 19, 37
23
Serotypes of Adenovirus that cause pharyngoconjunctival fever
3, 7, 4
23
IDENTIFY VIRUS:
1) 70-90 nm icosahedral, 20 triangular facts; 12 versticles; 252 capsomes
2) Enveloped (-) nonsegmented ssRNA; Spherical 150-300nm
3) Enveloped, pleomorphic morphology; Positive (+) strand RNA viruses with exceptionally large genome sizes (up to 31 kb)
4) Enveloped, ssRNA, Spherical; 15-250 nm
5) RNA virus, genome consists of 8 segments
1) Adenovirus
2) Parainfluenza
3) Coronavirus
4) RSV
5) Influenza
24
Serotypes ofAdenovirus that are commonly associated with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARD)
3, 4, 7, 21
25
Continuous cell lines obtain in tumors (human lung carcinoma)
A549
25
IDENTIFY: Major capsid proteins
1) connects the hexon and fiber
2) for attachment to the host
3) forms the capsid
1) Penton
2) Fiber
3) Hexon
26
Direct fluorescence antibody staining is used in microscopy for detecting what viruses?
Adenovirus, RSV (respiratory secretions), and Parainfluenza (respiratory secretions)
27
Enzyme immunoassay and commercial antigen detection kit are used in serology for detecting what viruses?
Adenovirus & RSV
28
Enzyme immunoassays and **hemadsorption techniques** are used in serology for detecting what virus?
Parainfluenza
29
The most sensitive test for detection of Adenovirus
Nucleic acid-based PCR (body fluids and tissues)
30
Nucleic acid-based PCR is used for molecular bio for detecting what viruses?
Adenovirus, RSV, Parainfluenza
31
Spx used for isolating adenovirus
throat and conjunctival swab, respiratory secretions
31
Spx used for cell culturing adenovirus
Human Embryonic Kidney & A549
32
Its diagnosis includes **grape-like clusters**, and signs and symptoms
Adenovirus
33
The A & B subtypes of RSV are based on _____________ with monoclonal antibodies
F & G protein reactivity
34
The most common subtype of RSV
A subtype
35
INCUBATION PERIOD OF EACH VIRUS:
1) Adenovirus
2) RSV
3) Influenza
4) Parainfluenza
5) Corona (Sars-Cov)
1) 2 days- 2 weeks
2) 2-8 days
3) not stated
4) 1-7 days
5) 14 days: median time of 4-5 days
36
A transmembrane protein that binds to the receptor of RSV
Fusion glycoproteins (F)
37
A transmembrane protein of RSV that is involved in pathogenesis and prevents apoptosis of the host cell
Small hydrophobic protein (H)
38
A transmembrane protein of RSV that is responsible for the stability and rigidity, it is located in inner envelope
Matrix
39
Common to severe lower respiratory tract disease (bronchiolitis and pneumonia) among infants and <1 y/o worldwide
RSV
40
Critical cases of this virus include: Premature infants, children with comorbidities, and transplant recipient
RSV
41
Attacks **ciliated columnar epithelial cells**. From **nasopharyngeal** to **distal bronchi**
RSV
42
Causative agents of Croup, Viral bronchitis and bronchiolitis, and Pneumonia
RSV
43
Spx for isolating RSV
nasopharyngeal swabs and washings
44
Spx for cell culturing RSV
HEP2 & A529 > CPE2
45
RSV is capable of forming?
SYNCTIA
46
Fusion of infected cells into a large multinucleated syncytium
SYNCTIA
47
Infection does not confer immunity → MULTIPLE INFECTIONS THROUGHOUT LIFE
RSV
48
In RSV, ***Asymptomatic adults*** may carry the virus in the?
nares (nostrils)
49
An RNA virus, the genome consists of 8 segments. Enveloped virus with haemagglutinin and neuraminidase spikes
Influenza virus
50
Influenza viruses are distinguished using these two **major *structural* proteins**
- Matrix Proteins (M)
- Nucleoprotein (NP)
51
How many types of influenza viruses are there?
3 types: A, B, and C
| However, there is a type D but it only infects cattle, not humans.
52
Influenza A is classified into subtypes using these **two major *surface* glycoproteins**
- Hemagglutinin (H)
- Neuraminidase (N)
53
Its genome consists of **7 ssRNA segments**, ***lacking*** the **gene coding for Neuraminidase**
Influenza C
53
IDENTIFY: Capable of causing mild upper respiratory illness in humans. The virus enveloped
Influenza C
54
IDENTIFY:
- Virus infections, which also can occur seasonally, are usually **less common than influenza A** virus infections. Its epidemics can occur ***every few years***
Influenza B
55
This is more stable genetically compared to influenza A
Influenza C
55
IDENTIFY: Remains one of the most crucial health problems worldwide
Influenza A
56
Because of this, influenza C is less prone to major changes in infectivity
Reassortment
56
**Carried by different species of birds and mammals** then influence the season of the Southern Hemisphere (May-October and in the Northern Hemisphere (November- April)
seasonal Influenza
56
Originate as **ZOONOTIC INFECTIONS** (started from lower form of animals). Have a worldwide distribution
Influenza
57
In influenza, this is used to bind to host cells
Hemagglutinin (H) antigen
57
In influenza, this will be the one to cleave budding virus from infected cells
Neuraminidase (N) antigen
57
In charge of divide budding viruses from infected cells in influenza
Cleaves
58
How many H and N antigens are in influenza viruses
16 H antigens (H1 to H16) and 9 N antigens (N1 to N9)
59
The human infection of influenza usually occurs with what H antigens?
H1, H2, and H3
60
The human infection of influenza usually occurs with what N antigens?
N1 to N2
61
The major change in antigenic structure as mutation accumulate
Antigenic drift
62
**Surface antigens** of Parainfluenza virus
- Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN)
- Fusion (F) antigen
63
**2nd most common cause** of lower respiratory tract infection in young children
Parainfluenza virus
| Note: **Ang 1st kay ang RSV**
64
Manifest ***Rhinitis***, **pharyngitis**, ***laryngotracheitis***, **bronchiolitis** & **pneumonia**
Parainfluenza virus
65
A subtype of parainfluenza that is the primary cause of croup (laryngotracheobronchitis) in children
PIV 1
66
A subtype of parainfluenza that causes **mild respiratory tract infection**
PIV 4
67
Subtype/s of parainfluenza that cause the most serious illness in children between 2-4 years old
PIV 1 & PIV 2
68
A subtype of parainfluenza that causes **bronchiolitis** and **pneumonia** in *infants*; associated with ***otitis media***
PIV 3
69
Parainfluenza subtype/s that is/are common during cold weather
PIV 1, 2, 4
70
Parainfluenza subtype that occurs almost every year (spring and summer; year-round)
PIV 3
71
Parainfluenza subtype that occurs every 2 years alternating with PIV1
PIV 2
72
Parainfluenza subtype that has a lower incidence than 1 and 3
PIV 2
73
Spx used for detecting parainfluenza
Nasopharyngeal swabs, washings and aspirates
73
Glycoprotein spikes of:
a) Parainfluenza
b) Influenza
a) Parainfluenza: Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) and Fusion (F)
b) Influenza: haemagglutinin and neuraminidase
74
Parainfluenza subtype that occurs seldom
PIV 4
75
Spx used for cell culturing parainfluenza
PMK & LLC-MMK2 (rhesus monkey kidney epithelial cell)
76
What are the 2 serogroups of Coronaviridae?
- OC43
- 229E
77
Are enveloped helical viruses with sRNA
Coronaviridae
77
Responsible for small percentage of **pediatric diarrhea cases** and the illness lasts about 1 week and a **club may appear** in the stool in child
Few coronavirus
77
The causative agent of a pandemic respiratory disease that emerged from Hongkong in late 2002
Novel coronavirus
78
During 6 mos period, novel coronavirus infections spread rapidly to 26 countries. The virus affected at least _________ and had a mortality rate of approximately _____ and that was in 2002
8,000 people; 10%
79
Characteristics of the disease include high fever, pneumonia, and some patients have acute respiratory distress syndrome. It turned to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
Coronaviridae
80
Targets the epithelial cells of gastrointestinal tract
SARS-COV
81
Enumerate at least 3 other organ systems affected by SARS infection
- Spleen
- Lymph nodes
- Digestive tract
- Urogenital tract
- CNS
- Bone marrow
- Heart
82
Can also be isolated from urine and feces suggesting a potential route of infection
SARS-COV
83
Detection methods for SARS-COV
- Electron microscopy
- ELISA
- RT-PCR
- Antibody detection by **Western Blot**
84
In what year was a SARS-like virus linked to severe respiratory tract infection in the middle east (MERSCOV)?
2012
84
Has the same symptoms as to the SARS-COV
MERSCOV
85
MERSCOV was reported in?
Baoding, China
86
Most of the known **animal coronaviruses** display a ______for epithelial cells of the respiratory or gastrointestinal tract
tropism
86
Coronavirus infections in humans usually, but not always, remain limited to the?
upper respiratory tract
86
Control measures for stopping the spread of SARS
- Isolation of px
- Quarantine of those who had been exposed
- Travel restrictions
- Use of gloves, gowns, goggles, and respirators by healthcare workers
87
Most common diagnostic approach for the identification of corona viruses
1. Amplification and detection of virus-specific RNA
2. Assays using a one- or two-step RT-PCR procedure for the amplification stage
3. Other nucleic acid-based tests include isothermal amplification methods and **loop-mediated amplification assays**
88
Asymptomatic to moderate-severe cases of SARS-COV. Give at least three
- Fever
- chills
- rhinorrhea
- sore throat
- cough
- fatigue
- body malaise
- anosmia
- ageusia
- diarrhea
89
Critical cases of SARS-COV
respiratory failure, shock, multi-organ system dysfunction
90
Which of the following is not a commonly known respiratory virus?
A. Influenza
B. RSV
C. HSV
D. Rhinovirus
C.HSV
91
Which of the following is an effective preventive measure against respiratory viruses?
A. Getting vaccinated annually
B. Avoiding close contact with infected individuals
C. Consuming raw garlic regularly
D. Washing hands with cold water
B. Avoiding close contact with infected individuals
92
The following are surface antigens of Parainfluenza virus, except for what?
A. Hemagglutinin-N
B. F antigen
C. Both
D. None
D. None
93
Which of the following parainfluenza viruses is most common during cold weather?
A. PIV 5
B. PIV 4
C. PIV 3
D. A & C only
F. All of the above
G. None
B. PIV 4
| PIV 1, 2, 4 are common in cold weather
94
Bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants
A. PIV 1
B. PIV 2
C. PIV 3
D. PIV 4
C. PIV 3
95
Croup
A. PIV 1
B. PIV 2
C. PIV 3
D. PIV 4
A. PIV 1
96
Treatment includes Remdesivr
A. RSV
B. Coronaviridae
C. Parainfluenza
D. Influenza
B. Coronaviridae
97
This is the preferred sample for nucleic acid assays
A. Serum
B. Bronchoalveolar lavage
C. Swabs
D. Tissues
E. None of the above
D. Tissues
