Nada 2 Flashcards
(239 cards)
1
Q
Skin care product
A
.
2
Q
Major factor influences skin
A
.
3
Q
Hydration
A
.
4
Q
Temperature
A
.
5
Q
DELIPIDIZATION
A
.
6
Q
Requirements for cosmetic bases
A
.
7
Q
If the pharmaceutical agent is to
A
.
8
Q
Effect of externally applied lipid
A
.
9
Q
Effect of ion and ph
A
.
10
Q
Effect of collusion
A
.
11
Q
Moisture balance
A
.
12
Q
Type of skin care product
A
.
13
Q
Components
A
.
14
Q
Transport of active ingredients into the
circulation has to be restricted to
A
.
15
Q
There is a direct relationship between the
amount of
A
.
16
Q
up to 1,000 and
A
.
17
Q
over
1,000
A
.
18
Q
appendageal route
A
.
19
Q
hexane
A
.
20
Q
acetone
A
.
21
Q
chloroform-methanol,
A
.
22
Q
humectants
A
.
23
Q
hydrophilic (water-soluble) gums
A
.
24
Q
Oil phase component
A
.
25
Hydrocarbon
.
26
Fat and oil
.
27
Beeswax
.
28
Fatty acid
.
29
Higher alcohol
.
30
Synthetic ester
.
31
Silicone
.
32
Water phase
.
33
Humectant
.
34
Thickning agent
.
35
Alcohol
.
36
Surfactant
.
37
Others
.
38
MOISTURIZING PREPARATIONS
.
39
How Do Moisturizers Work?
.
40
Emollients
.
41
Occlusives
.
42
Humectants
.
43
Ideal Moisturizer
.
44
Formulations
.
45
ANTIWRINKLE CREAM
.
46
Newer products claim to have other
| properties such as
.
47
the physical barrier of
| the SC and,
.
48
SC function as a
| moisture barrier
.
49
Half of the NMF is amino acids
| derived from the
.
50
serve to fill the cracks between
clusters of desquamating corneocytes and are
not usually occlusive unless applied heavily.
.
51
reduce TEWL by creating a
| hydrophobic barrier over the skin
.
52
Occlusives Their main limitations include
.
53
is the most effective occlusive
.
54
which only reduce TEWL by
| 20%-30%.
;
55
thought to diffuse into the
| intercellular lipid domains
.
56
Attract water from two sources: from the dermis and external
| environment.
.
57
The most effective humectant is
.
58
```
has been shown to
improve xerosis (dry skin condition).
```
.
59
are almost always combined with an
| occlusive agent.
.
60
as OTC can
| be classified according to application site.
.
61
play a role in treating and augmenting therapy for the aging face.
.
62
commonly called crow's feet around
| the outer corners of the eye.
.
63
crisscrossing triangular or
rectangular wrinkles commonly seen on the cheeks
and nape of the neck.
.
64
fine wrinkles commonly seen on the
| unexposed skin of elderly people.
L
65
liquid paraffin
.
66
solid paraffin
.
67
petrolatum
.
68
olive oil,
.
69
almond oil,
.
70
cocoa
| butter,
.
71
nut oil
.
72
hardened palm oil
.
73
castor
| oil,
.
74
sunflower oil,
.
75
lanolin
.
76
carnauba wax
L
77
candelilla
| wax, etc.
/
78
stearic acid,
.
79
oleic acid,
.
80
palmitic acid,
.
81
behenic acid,
.
82
stearyl alcohol
.
83
hexadecyl
| alcohol
.
84
octyldodecyl alcohol,
.
85
cholesterol
.
86
Isopropyl myristate
.
87
tri- glyerides,
.
88
pentaerythrityl tetraesters,
.
89
cholesteryl
| ester, etc.
.
90
Dimethyl polysiloxane,
.
91
methylphenyl
| polysiloxane,
.
92
cyclomethicone
.
93
glycerin
.
94
propylene glycol,
.
95
sorbitol
.
96
mannitol
.
97
biopolymers
.
98
PEG methyl glycoside,
.
99
Quince seeds
.
100
pectin
.
101
cellulose
| derivatives
.
102
xanthan gum,
.
103
sodium alginate,
.
104
carageenan
.
105
carboxyvinyl
| polymer,
.
106
Ethanol
.
107
isopropanol
.
108
glyceryl stearate,
L
109
PEG sorbitan fatty acid
.
110
sorbitan fatty acids esters
.
111
PEG alkyl ether,
.
112
PEG-PPG co-block copolymer,
.
113
PEG-hardened castor
| oil ester,
.
114
fatty acid soaps,
.
115
sodium alkyl sulfate,
.
116
parabens
.
117
sorbic acid
.
118
thymol
.
119
butylated hydroxytoluene,
.
120
vitamin E,.
.
121
increases as the intercellular spaces become larger
.
122
The major reasons for rise in temperature increases skin penetration
.
123
petrolatum and water-soluble
Eg. PEG
substances
.
124
plant oils and lanolin or
| substances exhibiting emulsifying
.
125
If the lipids are applied singly or two at a
| time,
.
126
Cosmetic bases are generally adjusted to be weakly
| acidic.
.
127
The pH of skin care products must therefore
| be adjusted in order to
L
128
the synthesis of lipids and the production and release of lamellar granules
.
129
should
| be a most effective form for skin care.
.
130
The desired viscosity is reached by adding
| amphiphilic substances,
.
131
must have a certain
| moisture retention capacity
.
132
are major constituents of
| the NMF.
.
133
includes a
lipid film that reduces the loss of the
NMF.
.
134
When the horny layer absorbs moisture,
| it becomes.
.
135
Moisturizers remain
on the skin and horny layer acting as
.
.
136
impart a smooth, moist
feeling to the skin and must not interfere
with –or enhance- biochemical processes
that occur normally in the skin.
.
137
```
involve combined use of
substances of relatively small molecular
All these compounds have hydroxy group or polar group so they act as good humectants to retain and attract moisture
2
weight,
```
.
138
polyols
.
139
pyrrolidone
| carboxylates,
.
140
lactic acids
.
141
amino acids,
.
142
polymers such as glycosaminoglycans.
.
143
The smaller organic molecules exhibit high
| .
.
144
behave differently
due to their structure and as a rule are less
rapidly influenced by environmental
conditions.
L
145
Contribute to the emolliency of the preparation
and augment (supplement) the natural barrier
lipids in the SC.
.
146
is the ability of the applied product to
produce a sensation of suppleness (flexibility)
and smoothness to the skin surface and the
provision of slip.
.
147
```
reduce the transepidermal
water loss (TEWL) and also serve as a barrier
```
.
148
Barrier lipids can be lost or damaged by
.
149
Barrier layer damage increases
.
150
The lowered water content of the stratum
| corneum affects the
.
151
Effect of topical application of
vitamins to rats were not seen in the
epidermis of humans.
.
152
There is no clear evidence that such
substances actually are absorbed and
transported to the site where their action is
to be manifested.
.
153
Stability probelm
L
154
These
vitamins are best taken orally to treat
any part of the body when there may
be a deficiency.
.
155
 used in topical preparations is currently
.
156
They contain varying combinations of
| emollients, occlusives, and humectants.
.
157
The term moisturizer is
.
158
slow evaporation of the skin's
| moisture,
.
159
improving the appearance and
tactile (touch feeling) properties of dry
and aging skin
.
160
restore the barrier function
.
161
is the most important
factor in water flux and retention in the
skin, and in overall level of moisturization.
.
162
The four key processes for the formation
| and functioning of the SC are the
.
163
when hydrated, contribute to
| elasticity.
.
164
and the other is salts,
| including lactates, urea, and electrolytes.
;
165
corneodesmosomes
| are degraded by water-dependent
.
166
Corneocytes accumulate
on the skin surface producing the signs of
dry skin,
.
167
little effect on the
| mechanical properties
.
168
```
claim to
rejuvenate the skin by replenishing its
essential proteins but whether or not they
have any effect on skin hydration is
questionable.
```
.
169
reduce skin friction
and increase skin hydration by providing
water directly to the skin from their water
phase
.
170
which are mainly lipids and oils,
.
171
softness,
| enhanced flexibility, and smoothness.
.
172
exert their benefits through effects
on the skin barrier, partially through improved
repair, and on permeability.
.
173
hypo-allergenic, nonsensitizing, fragrance free, noncomedogenic
.
174
is particularly prone to effects of
| the environment.
.
175
Requirements for face
.
176
are targeted for consumers with oily skin.
.
177
added to reduce the
appearance of excess shine such as oil-
absorbent compounds
.
178
Silicone
.
179
kaolin
.
180
talc
L
181
especially useful for photoaged skin and include sun protectants, alpha hydroxy acids (e.g., glycolic acid), and retinol and its derivatives.
L
182
Some specialized products' aims include the reduction of cellulite, firming, bronzing (dark skin), and minimizing the signs of aging.
.
183
Gelatin
.
184
Glycerin
.
185
Honey
.
186
Hyaluronic acid
.
187
Panthenol glycol
.
188
Sodium and ammonium lactate
.
189
Sodium pyrrolidine carboxlic acid
.
190
Sorbital
/
191
Astringent emollient
.
192
Dry emollient
.
193
Fatting emollient
.
194
Protective emollient
.
195
Protein rejuvenators
.
196
Fatty acid
.
197
Fatty alcohol
.
198
Hydrocarbon oil/wax
.
199
Phospholipids
.
200
Polyhydric alcohol
.
201
Sterols
.
202
Vegatible waxes
.
203
Wax ester
L
204
Beeswax
.
205
Lanolin
.
206
Stearyl stearate
.
207
Candelilla
.
208
Carnauba
.
209
Cholesterol
.
210
Propylene glycol
.
211
Lecithin
.
212
Lanolin acid
.
213
Stearic acid
.
214
Cetyl alcohol
.
215
Lanolin alcohol
.
216
Stearyl alcohol
.
217
Caprylic/capric triglycerides
.
218
Mineral oil
.
219
Parafin
.
220
Petroleum
.
221
Silicone derivative
.
222
Squalene
.
223
Collagen
.
224
Elastin
.
225
Keratin
.
226
Di isopropyl dilinoleate
.
227
Isopropyl isostearate
.
228
Caster oil
.
229
Glyceryl stearate
L
230
Jojoba oil
.
231
Octyl stearate
.
232
Propylene glycol
.
233
Decyl oleate
.
234
Isopropyl palmitate
.
235
Isostearyl alcohol
.
236
Cyclomethicone
.
237
Dimethicone
L
238
Isopropyl mynstate
.
239
Octyl octanoate
.
