Nada Question For Note 1 And 2

Question 1

intended to be rubbed, poured, sprinkled, sprayed on, introduced into, or otherwise applied to the human body for cleansing, beautifying, promoting attractiveness, or altering the appearance without affecting the body’s structure or function.

Answer 1

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Question 2

influence the biological function of the skin.

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Question 3

fastest-growing segment of the natural personal care industry.

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Question 4

testing to determine whether beneficial ingredients actually live up to a manufacturer’s claims is not mandatory.

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Question 5

not subject to review by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

Answer 5

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Question 6

manufacturer may not claim that these products penetrate beyond the skin’s surface layers or that they have drug like or therapeutic effects.

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Question 7

no division between active ingredients and other ingredients is required; they are all listed together.

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Question 8

became a controversial nationalistic issue in which a product or ingredient was safe for distribution in one location but not in another.

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Question 9

To date, there is no agreement on the following :

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Question 10

Establishment of an agency with worldwide responsibility for the safety of ingredients and of their blends (finished products).

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Question 11

Agreement between countries or legislative units enforcing such rules globally and their modifications whenever newly developed information should require this.

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Question 12

Whether a product falls under the Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) jurisdiction (control) as cosmetic product depends largely

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Question 13

To determine a product’s intended use, the FDA relies on the

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Question 14

Any enforcement actions against an adulterated or misbranded cosmetic product can by necessity be taken

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Question 15

are misleading if they fail to bear all the information required under the FDCA.

Answer 15

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Question 16

result from insufficient information for the consumer, for an improperly formed or filled container.

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Question 17

The FDA’s primary discovery tool is the

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Question 18

FDA also investigates

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Question 19

may bring a criminal suit against the company and its officials.

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Question 20

FDA regulations require products whose safety has not been confirmed to bear a .

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Question 21

PROHIBITED AND HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES

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Question 22

Bithionol

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Question 23

hexachlorophene

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Question 24

mercury

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Question 25

vinyl chloride (

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Question 26

chloroform

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Question 27

methylene chloride

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Question 28

chlorofluorocarbon

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Question 29

nitrosoamine

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Question 30

Cosmetics that contain color additives not covered by a regulation are

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Question 31

All foreign (that is, non- U.S.) drug manufacturing establishments should

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Question 32

does not inspect the production facilities of foreign OTC drug makers for compliance with current Good Manufacturing Practices (GMPs).

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Question 33

The primary purpose of ingredient labeling is the need to

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Question 34

The FDA regulations permit three different formats for the ingredient declaration:

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Question 35

Warning statements are required by regulation for

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Question 36

Warning statements must be

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Question 37

lot and batch codes are commonly added to the cosmetic product labeling to

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Question 38

that a cosmetic product represented for nonprescription, over the counter (OTC) drug, purposes will be held to the applicable OTC drug standard.

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Question 39

The top most layer of skin,

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Question 40

contains melanocytes, | cells produce a pigment called melanin.

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Question 41

from the squamous layer are pushed up through two thin epidermal layers; the stratum granulosum and the strat. lucidum

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Question 42

the outermost visible | layer of the epidermis.

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Question 43

made up of 10 to 30 thin layers of these dead | cells.

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Question 44

takes nearly a month for the........ to be completely replaced.

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Question 45

nuclei of the cells in the epidermis | and the collagen of the dermis.

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Question 46

In normal epidermis, the water content gets | less

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Question 47

particularly | important barrier to the control of moisture loss.

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Question 48

highly effective barrier against the outside environment, being tough but flexible; provided it is well hydrated

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Question 49

is the first barrier against invasion by | micro-organisms.

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Question 50

provides the next | level of defense.

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Question 51

composed of corneocytes surrounded by a matrix of lipid- enriched membranes.

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Question 52

are | filled with structural proteins (keratin filaments.

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Question 53

The matrix between corneocytes is composed

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Question 54

provides a barrier to systemic water loss and impede (hinder) the uptake of xenobiotics (foreign substances).

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Question 55

calcium ions are passively lost as water evaporates through the stratum corneum.

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Question 56

initiates a burst of lamellar body secretion, thereby replenishing the stratum corneum with lamellar membranes.

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Question 57

``` A second class of signaling molecules is comprised of ```

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Question 58

is 1 .5 to 4 mm.

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Question 59

organised in bundles running horizontally through the dermis

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Question 60

is responsible for the resilience | (flexibility) and elasticity of the skin.

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Question 61

are held together by elastic fibres running through the dermis (elastin).

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Question 62

Hyaluronic acid surrounds the

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Question 63

It attracts and binds hundreds of times its weight in water (natural moisturising ingredient).

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Question 64

This is one reason why aging skin becomes less resilient and supple (pliable).

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Question 65

Both collagen | and elastin fibres are made by

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Question 66

Most of the sweat produced by the body | comes from the

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Question 67

the deepest layer of the skin.

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Question 68

is missing where the skin is especially thin—the eyelids, nipples, genitals.

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Question 69

stores fat as an energy reserve.

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Question 70

The blood vessels, nerves, lymph vessels, and | hair follicles also cross through this layer.

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Question 71

Feels neither tight nor greasy.

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Question 72

Feels neither tight nor greasy.

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Question 73

Tight, irritable and flaky

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Question 74

develops fine lines around the eyes

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Question 75

Causes of dry skin

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Question 76

resulting in increasing | the rate of water loss (TEWL).

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Question 77

Rarely after the age of 35

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Question 78

Involves only the upper part of the body

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Question 79

Keratin and epidermal desmosomes (junction | attaching one cell to its neighbor) make skin a

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Question 80

are unfavorable to microbial growth.

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Question 81

makes keratin stiffer and less flexible, | leading to 'tight' feeling in the winter

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Question 82

hold more water vapour at higher T

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Question 83

acts as a partial water barrier, helping to regulate the amount of water in the skin

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Question 84

there is a gradual thinning of | male skin with age (1% per year).

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Question 85

related to the total collagen content, which in both sexes falls with increasing age, but at different rates.

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Question 86

but the | effect is more marked in women

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Question 87

Lack of estrogen slows

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Question 88

• Secretes an oily secretion into the hair follicle | near the surface of the skin.

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Question 89

are primarily found in association with hair follicles but also occur in hairless areas of the skin, except for the palms of the hand and soles of the feet.

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Question 90

is a mixture of fat and the debris of dead | fat-producing cells.

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Question 91

Sebum may collect excessively as a result of:

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Question 92

is produced when the sebaceous gland | disintegrates.

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Question 93

Men produce more sebum than women

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Question 94

``` Glycerides  Free fatty acids  Wax esters  Squalene (precursor for steroids)  Cholesterol esters  Cholesterol ```

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Question 95

increases at puberty up to | fivefold in men

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Question 96

Prolonged starvation

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Question 97

Prolonged starvation

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Question 98

Oestrogens

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Question 99

Vitamin-A derivatives such as isotretinoin

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Question 100

cyproterone

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Question 101

spironolactone

Answer 101

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Question 102

Testosterone

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Question 103

medroxyprogesterone

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Question 104

levonorgestrel

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Question 105

Phenothiazines

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Question 106

are found in almost every part of | the skin

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Question 107

forming tiny coiled tubes embedded in | the dermis or subcutaneous fat.

Answer 107

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Question 108

have fewer sweat glands, both eccrine and | apocrine

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Question 109

They are found particularly in the armpit and the | genital area.

Answer 109

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Question 110

They are found particularly in the armpit and the | genital area.

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Question 111

neomycin

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Question 112

zirconium

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Question 113

formaldehyde

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Question 114

aluminum salts.

Answer 114

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Question 115

hexachlorophene

Answer 115

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Question 116

salicylanilide

Answer 116

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