NASAL CAVITY, PARANASAL SINUSES, AND PTERYGOPALATINE FOSSA

Question 1

The nasal cavity has a slight dilatation inside the aperture of each nostril

Answer 1

Vestibule

Question 2

The roof of the nasal cavity is formed by the

Answer 2

Nasal, frontal, ethmoid (cribriform), and sphenoid (body) bones.

Question 3

The floor of the nasal cavity is formed by the _______

Answer 3

Palatine process of the maxilla and the horizontal plate of the palatine bone

Question 4

The floor of the nasal cavity contains the _______, which transmits the nasopalantine nerve and terminal branches of the sphenopalatine artery

Answer 4

Incisive foramen

Question 5

The medial wall (nasal septum) is formed primarily by the ____________

Answer 5

Perpendicular palte of the thmoid bone, vomer, and septal cartilage

Question 6

The lateral wall of the nasal cavity is formed primarily by the

Answer 6

Superior and middle conchae of the etmoid bone and the inferior concha

Also formed by the nasal bone, frontal process, and nasal surface of the maxilla, lacrimal bone, perpendicular plate of the palatine bone, and medial pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone

Question 7

Opening of the sphenoid sinus

Answer 7

Sphenoethmoidal recess

Question 8

Opening of the posterior ethmoidal air cells

Answer 8

Superior meatus

Question 9

Opening of the frontal sinus into the infundibulum, openings of the middle ethoidal air cells on the ethmoidal bulla, and openings of the anterior ethmoidal air cells and maxillary sinus in the hiatus semilunaris

Answer 9

Middle meatus

Question 10

opening of the nasolacrimal duct

Answer 10

Inferior Meatus

Question 11

opening into the pterygopalatine fossa; transmits the sphenopalatine artery and nasopalatine nerve

Answer 11

Sphenopalatine foramen

Question 12

the dilated part inside the nostril that is bound by the alar cartilages and lined by skin with hairs

Answer 12

Vestibule

Question 13

Consists of the lower 2/3 of the nasal cavity

Warms, moistens, and cleans incoming air with its mucous membrane

Answer 13

Respiratory Region

Question 14

Consists of the superior nasal concha and the upper 1/3 of the nasal septum

Innervated by olfactory nerves, which convey the sense of smell from the olfactory cells and enter the cranial cavity through the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone to end in the olfactory bulb

Answer 14

Olfactory Region

Question 15

Blood supply to the nasal cavity

Answer 15

• Lateral nasal branches of the anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries of the ophthalmic artery
• posterior lateral nasal and posterior septal branches of the sphenopalatine artery of the maxillary artery
• Greater palatine branch (its terminal branch reaches the lower part of the nasal septum through the incisive
• septal branch of the superior labial artery of the facial artery and the lateral nasal branch of the facial artery

Question 16

________is supplied by the olfactory nerves for the olfactory area

Answer 16

SVA(smell) sensation

Question 17

_______________is supplied by the anterior ethmoidal branch of the opthalmic nerve; the nasopalatine, posterior-superior and posterior-inferior lateral nasal branches of the maxillary nerve via the pterygopalatine ganglion; and the anterior-superior alveolar branch of the infraorbital nerve

Answer 17

GSA sensation

Question 18

Paranasal sinuses

Answer 18

• Ethmoidal
• frontal
• maxillary
• sphenoidal

Question 19

consists of numerous ethmoidal air cells, which are numerous small cavities within the ethmoidal labyrinth between the orbit and the nasal cavity

Its infection may erode throigh the thin orbital plate of the ethmoidal bone (lamina papyracea) into the orbit

Answer 19

Ethmoidal sinus

Question 20

Ethmoidal sinus

Answer 20

• Can be subdivided into the following groups
  
  • Posterior ethmoidal air cells
    
    • drain into the superior nasal meatus
  • Middle ethmoidal air cells
    
    • drain into the summit of the ethmoidal bulla of the middle nasal meatus
  • Anterior ethmoidal air cells
    
    • drain into the anterior aspect of the hiatus semilunaris

Question 21

Lies in the frontal bone and opens into the hiatus semilunaris of the middle nasal meatus by way of the frontonasal duct (or infundibulum)

Innervated by the supraorbital branch of the opthalmic nerve

Answer 21

Frontal sinus

Question 22

largest of the paranasal sinuses and is the only paranasal sinus that may be present at birth

Answer 22

Maxillary sinus

Question 23

Contained in the body of the sphenoid bone

Opends into the sphenoethmoidal recess of the nasal cavity

Answer 23

Sphenoidal sinusitis

Question 24

___are ectoderm-lined depressions that result from proliferationg of mesenchyme in lateral and medial nasal swellings. The nasal pits deepen, form blind sacs, and rupture to form the nostrils

Answer 24

Nasal Pits

Question 25

initially separates nasal cavities from the oral cavity, but its rupture allows communication between nasal and oral cavities through the primitive choanae

Answer 25

Oronasal membrane

Question 26

Forms as a downgrowth from the medial nasal process

Answer 26

Nasal septum

Question 27

formed as the superior, middle, and inferior conchae

Answer 27

Lateral wall

Question 28

The lateral wall of the nasal cavity is formed \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 28

superior, middle, and inferior conchae

Question 29

Floor of the nasal cavity is formed by fusion of the

Answer 29

medial nasal process (nasal septum) with the palatine processes of the maxilla

Question 30

Roof of the nose is formed from \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 30

lateral nasal processes

Question 31

Develop as diverticula of the lateral nasal wall and extend into the maxilla, ethmoid, frontal, and sphenoid bones

Answer 31

Paranasal sinuses

Question 32

boundaries of the pterygopalatine fossa

Answer 32

* **Anterior wall** : Posterior surface of the maxilla or the psoterior wall of the maxillary sinus * **Posterior wall**: Pterygoid process and greater wing of the sphenoid. Openings and their contents * **Foramen Rotundum** to middle cranial cavity * **Pterygoid canal** to foramen lacerum * **Palatovaginal** (pharyngeal or pterygopalatine) canal to choana * **Medial wall:** perpendicular plate of the palatine. The opening is the sohenopalatine foramen to the nasal cavity * **Lateral wall:** open (pterygomaxillary fissure to the infratemporal fossa) * **Roof:** Greater wing and body of the sphenoid. The opening is the inferior orbital fissure * **Floor**: fusion of the maxilla and pterygoid process of the sphenoid. The opening is the greater palatine foramen to the palate

Question 33

The maxillary nerve passes through the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus and enters the pterygopalatine fossa through the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 33

foramen rotundum

Question 34

The maxillary nerve gives rise to the

Answer 34

* Meningeal branch * Pterygopalatine Nerves * Posterior-Superior Alveolar nerves * Zygomatic Nerve * Infraorbital nerve * Branches (sensory) via the pterygopalatine Ganglion

Question 35

Innervates the dura mater of the middle ranial fossa

Answer 35

Meningeal branch of the Maxillary nerve

Question 36

Pterygopalatine nerves (communicating Branches)

Answer 36

Conencted to the pterygopalantine ganglion Contain sensory fibers from the trigeminal ganglion

Question 37

Posterior-superior alveolar nerves

Answer 37

Descend through the pterygopalatine fissure and enter the posterior-superior alveolar canals Innervate the cheeks, gums, molar teeth, and maxillary sinus

Question 38

Zygomatic nerve enter the orbit through the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 38

Inferior orbital fissure

Question 39

Zygomatic nerve

Answer 39

* Divides into the * zygomaticotemporal * zygomaticofacial branche * supply the skin over the temporal region and over the zygomatic bone * Transmits postganglionic parasympathetic and sympathetic GVE fibers to the lacrimal gland through the zygomaticotemporal branch, which joins the terminal part if the lacrimal nerve

Question 40

Infraorbital Nerve

Answer 40

* Enters the orbit through the inferior orbital fissure and runs through the infraorbital groove and canal * Emerges through the infraorbital foramen and divides in the face into the inferior palpebral, nasal, and superior labial branches * Gives rise to the middle and anterio-superior alveolar nerves, which supply the maxillary sinus, teeth, and gums

Question 41

Sensory Branches via the Pterygopalatine Ganglion

Answer 41

* Orbital branches * Pharyngeal Branch * Posterior-superior lateral Nasal Branches * Greater palatine Nerve * Lesser palatine Nerve * Nasopalatine nerve

Question 42

formed by neuron cell bodies of parasympathetic postganglionic GVE fibers and lies in the pterygopalatine fossa just below the maxillary nerve, lateral to the sphenopalatine foramen and anterior to the pterygoid canal

Answer 42

Pterygopalatine Ganglion

Question 43

Pterygopalatine ganglion

Answer 43

* Receives **preganglionic parasympathetic fibers** from the facial nerve by way of the gretaer petrosal nerve and the nerve of the pterygoi canal * Sends **postganglionic parasympathetic fibers** to the nasal and palatine glands and to the lacrimal gland by way of the maxillary, zygomatic, and lacrial nerves * Receives **postganglionic sympathetic fibers** (by way of the deep petrosal nerve and the nerve of the pterygoid canal), which are distributed with postganglionic parasympathetic fibers

Question 44

The ___________ supplies blood to the maxilla and maxillary teeth, nasal cavities, and palate

Answer 44

Pterygopalatine part of the Maxillary Artery