ORAL CAVITY, PALATE, PHARYNX

Question 1

bounded by lips and cheeks externally and teeth and dums internally and receives opening of parotid duct at the parotid papilla opposite second maxillary molar

Answer 1

oral vestibule

Question 2

Oral cavity proper

Answer 2

• Bounded by
  
  • anterior and lateral : teeth and gums
  • Roof: formed by the palate,
  • floor: tongue and the mucosa
    
    • supported by the geniohyoid and mylohyoid muscles
• Communicates posteriorly with the oropharynx

Question 3

forms the roof of the mouth and the floor of the nasal cavity

Answer 3

Palate

Question 4

anterior 4/5 of the palate and forms a bony framework covered with a mucous membrane between the nasal and oral cavities

Consists of the palatine processes of the maxillae and horizontal plates of the palatine bones

Answer 4

Hard Palate

• contains the incisive foramen
• greatear and lesser foramina posteriorly

Question 5

fibromuscular fold extending from the posterio border of the hard palate and makes up 1/5 of the palate

Continuous with the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal folds

Answer 5

Soft palate

• Receives blood from the greater and lesser palatine arteries
• Receives innervation
  
  • lesser palatine nerves and receives skeletal motor innervation from the vagus nerve.

Question 6

The tongue is dividied by a v-shaped _______ into two parts

Answer 6

Sulcus terminalis

Question 7

Muscles of the Palate

Question 8

the _____ is located at the apex of tghe “V” and indicates the site of origin of the embryonic thyroglossal duct

Answer 8

Foramen cecum

Question 9

Abnormal shortness of frenulum linguae resulting in limitation of its movement and thus a severe speech impediment.

Answer 9

Tongue-tie (Ankyloglossia)

Question 10

Are small, nipple-shaped projections on the anterior 2/3 of the dorsum of the tongue

Answer 10

Lingual Papillae

Question 11

The lingual Papillae ate divided into

Answer 11

• Vallate
  
  • “V” in front of sulcus terminalis
  • numerous taste buds and are innervated by the glossophrayngeal nerve
• Fungiform
  
  • Mushroo,-shaped projections with red head and are scattered in the sides and apex
• Filiform
  
  • Numerous, slender, conical projections that are arranged in rows parallel to the sulcus terminalis
• Foliate
  
  • found in certain animals but are rudimentary in human

Question 12

Collection of nodular masses of lymphoid follicles on the posterior 1/3 of the dorsum of the tongue

Answer 12

Lingual tonsil

Question 13

The extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the tongue are innervated by the _________ except for the palatoglossus which is innervated by the vagus nerve

Answer 13

hypoglossal nerve

Question 14

The anterior 2/3 of the tongue receives general sensory innervation from the ______ and taste sensation from the _______

Answer 14

Lingual nerve

Chorda tympani

Question 15

The posterior 1/3 of the tongue and the vallate papillae receive both general and taste innervation from the ________

Answer 15

Glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 16

The epiglottic region of the tongue and the epiglottis receive both general and taste innervation from the ________ of the vagus nerve

Answer 16

Internal laryngeal branch

Question 17

Lingual Artery

Answer 17

• Arises from the External Carotid Artery at the level of the tip of the greater horn of the hyoid bone in the carotid triangle
• Passes depp to the hyoglossus and lies on the middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle
• Gives rise to the
  
  • suprahyoid
  • dorsal lingual
  • sublingual
• Terminates as the deep lingual artery

Question 18

Hardest substance that covers the crown

Answer 18

Ename

Question 19

Hard substance that is nurtured through the fine dental tubules of odontoblasts lining the central space

Answer 19

Dentin

Question 20

Fills the central cavity, which is continuous with the root canal.

Answer 20

Pulp

Question 21

Muscles of the tongue

Answer 21

Question 22

Projects above the gingival surface and is covered by enamel

Answer 22

Crown

Question 23

The constricted area at the junction of the crown and root

Answer 23

Neck

Question 24

Embedded in the alveolar part of the maxilla or mandible, is covered with cement, which is connected to the bone of the alveolus by a layer of modified periosteum, the periodontal ligament.

Answer 24

Root

Question 25

Chisel shaped teeth that have a single root, are used for cutting or biting

Answer 25

Incisors

Question 26

SIngle prominent cone and a single root, are used for tearing

Answer 26

Canines

Question 27

Usually have 2 cusps, are used for grinding. The upper first premolar tooth may be bifid, and all others each have a single root

Answer 27

Premolars

Question 28

Usually have 3 cusps, are used for grinding, the upper molar teeth have 3 roots, and the lower one has 2 roots

Answer 28

Molars

Question 29

Deciduous teeth

Answer 29

2 incisiors 1 canine 2 molars in each quadrant total: 20

Question 30

Permanent Teeth

Answer 30

2 incisors 1 canine 2 premolars 3 molars in each quadrant Total: 32

Question 31

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ teeth are innervated by the anterior, middle, and posterior-superior alveolar branches of the maxillary nerve

Answer 31

Maxillary teeth

Question 32

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_teeth are innervated by the inferior alveolar branch of the mandibular nerve

Answer 32

Mandibualr teeth

Question 33

Maxillary Gingiva

Answer 33

* Outer (buccal surface) * innervated by posterior, middle, and anterior superior alveolar and infraorbital nerves * Inner (lingual surface) * innervated by greater palatine and nasopalatine nerves

Question 34

Mandibular Gingiva

Answer 34

* Outer (buccal) surface * innervated by buccal and mental nerves * Inner (lingual) surface * innervated by lingual nerves

Question 35

infection of the floor of the mouth (submandibular space) with secondary involvement of the sublingual and submental spaces, usually resulting from a dental infection

Answer 35

Ludwig's Angina

Question 36

Develops from 1 median lingual swelling and 2 lateral lingual swellings in the pharyngeal arch 1

Answer 36

Anterior 2/3 of the tongue

Question 37

Develops from the copula or hypobranchial eminence that is formed by mesoderm of the pharyngeal arches 3 and 4

Answer 37

Posterior 1/3

Question 38

funnel shaped fibromuscular tube that extends from the base of the skull to the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage

Answer 38

Pharynx

Question 39

situated behinf the nasal cavity above the soft palate and communciates with the nsal cavities through the nasal choanae Contains the pharyngeal tonsils in the posterior wall Connected with the tympanic membrane through the auditory tube (eustachian) tube, which equalizes air pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane

Answer 39

Nasopharynx

Question 40

Extends between the soft palate above the superior border of the epiglottis below and communciates with the mouth throught the oropharyngeal isthmus Contains the palatine tonsils, which are lodged in the tonsillar fossae and are bounded by the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal folds

Answer 40

Oropharynx

Question 41

Extends from the upper border of the epiglottis to the lower border of the cricoid cartilage Contains the piriform recesses, one on each side of the opening of the larynx, in which swallowed foreign bodies may be lodged

Answer 41

Laryngopharynx

Question 42

the pharyngeal plexus lies on the \_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 42

Middle pharyngeal constrictor

Question 43

The pharyngeal plexus is formed by by the pharyngeal branches of the

Answer 43

Glossopharyngeal vagus nerves sympathetic branches from the superior cervical ganglion

Question 44

tha vagal branch of the pharyngeal Plexus innervaste all of the muscles of the pharynx with the exception of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 44

stylopharyngeus | (Supplie by the glossopharyngeal nerve)

Question 45

Arteries of the pharynx

Answer 45

* Ascending pharyngeal artery * Ascending paltine branch of the facial artery * descending palatine arteries * pharyngeal branches of the maxillary artery * branches of the superior and inferior thyroid arteries

Question 46

Muscles of the Pharynx

Answer 46

Question 47

The oral phase of swallowing is achieved by elevating the tongue by the _______ and \_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 47

Stylopharyngeus palatoglossus

Question 48

The _______ and ________ elevate the soft palate and uvula to close the entrance into the nasophranyx.

Answer 48

Tensor veli palatini Levator veli palatini

Question 49

The walls of the pharynx are raised by (3 longitudinal muscles) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 49

* Palatopharyngeus * stylopharyngeus * salpingopharyngeus

Question 50

The ________ elevated the hyoid bone and the larynx to close the opening into the larynx

Answer 50

suprahyoid muscles

Question 51

The sequential contraction of ( 3 pharyngeal constrictor muscles) moves the bolus inferiorly into the esophagus

Answer 51

Superior, middle, and inferior pharyngeal constrictors

Question 52

masses of lymphoid tissue located in the posterior wall of the pharynx, trap bacteria and viruses entering through the throat and produce antibodies to help protect from infection

Answer 52

Tonsils

Question 53

\_\_\_\_\_tonsil found in the posterior wall and roof of the nasopharynx and is called adenoid when enlarged

Answer 53

Pharyngeal

Question 54

\_\_\_\_tonsil lies on each side of the oropharynx in an interval between the paltoglossal and platopharyngeal folds Highly vascular (ascending platine and tonsillar branches of the facial artery, the descending palatine branch of the maxillary artery, a palatine branch of the ascending pharyngeal artery, dorsal lingual branches of the lingual artery)

Answer 54

Palatine

Question 55

The palatine tonsil is innervated by the branches of the

Answer 55

Glossopharyngeal nerve and the lesser palatine branch of the maxillary nerve

Question 56

collection of lymphoid nodules near the pharyngeal opening of the auditory tube

Answer 56

Tubal (eustachian) tonsil

Question 57

collection of lymphoif follicles on the posterio portion of the dorsum of the tongue

Answer 57

Lingual tonsil

Question 58

Tonsillar ring of lymphoid tissue at the oropharyngeal isthmus, formed by the lingual, palatine, tubal, and pharyngeal tonsil, encircling the back of the throat

Answer 58

Walderyer's tonsillar Ring

Question 59

a potential space between the buccopharyngeal fascia and the prevertebral fascia, extending from the base of the skull to the superior mediastinum Permits movement of the pharynx, larynx, trachea, and esophagus during swallowing

Answer 59

retropharyngeal space

Question 60

forms the submucosa of the pharynx and blends with the periosteum of the base of the skull Lies internal to the muscular coat of the pharynx; these muscle are covered externally by the buccopharyngeal fascia

Answer 60

Pharyngobasilar fascia

Question 61

First (Mandibualr) Pharyngeal Arch

Answer 61

* Forms the **Meckel's cartilage**, which develops the malleus and incus and maxilla, zygomatic and temporal squama, and mandible * Forms muscles of mastication and mylohyoid, digastric anterior belly, tensor veli palarini, and tensor tympani muscles, which are innervated by the CN V (V2 and V3)

Question 62

Second (hyoid) Pharyngeal Arch

Answer 62

* Forms the reichert's cartilage, which develops the sapes, styloid process, lesser cornu, and upper half of the hyoid bone * Forms muscles of facial expression and the digastric posterior belly, styloid and stapedius muscles, which are innervated by the CN VII

Question 63

Third Pharyngeal Arch

Answer 63

* Forms the thrid arch cartilagem which forms the greater cornu and lower half of the hyoid bone * Forms the stylopharyngeus muscle, which is innervated by the CN IX

Question 64

Fourth pharyngeal arch

Answer 64

* Forms the fourth arch cartilage, which forms the laryngeal cartilages * forms the muscles of the soft palate exceptthe tensor veli palatini, msucles of the pharynx except stylopharyngeus and the cricopharyngeus muscle, which are innervated by the CNX (superior laryngeal branch

Question 65

Sixth pharyngeal Arch

Answer 65

* Forms the 6th arch cartilage, which forms laryngeal cartilages * Forms the intrinsic muscles of the larynx, except cricothyroid and the upper muscles of the esophagus, which are innervated by the CN X (recurrent laryngeal branch)

Question 66

Pharyngeal pouches are evagination of the foregut \_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 66

Endoderm

Question 67

Pharyngeal pouch ___ forms the epithelium of the auditory tube and the middle ear cavity

Answer 67

1

Question 68

Pharungeal pouch ____ forms the epithelium and crypts of the palatine tonsil

Answer 68

2

Question 69

Pharyngeal pouch _____ forms the inferior parathyroid gland and thymus

Answer 69

3

Question 70

Pharyngeal pocuh ____ forms the superior parathyroid gland and ultimobranchial body

Answer 70

4

Question 71

\_\_\_\_\_ are four invaginations of the surface ectoderm between adjacent arches

Answer 71

Pharyngeal grooves

Question 72

Pharyngeal groove ____ gives rise to the epithelium of the EAM and skin over the tympanic membrane

Answer 72

1 | (Others obliterated)

Question 73

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ loated at the jucntion of each pharyngeal groove and pouch

Answer 73

Pharyngeal mebrane

Question 74

Pharyngeal membrane _____ gives rise to the tymoanic membrane

Answer 74

1 | (others obliterated)