EAR

Question 1

Consists of cartilage connected to the skull by ligaments and muscles and is covered by skin

Answer 1

Auricle

Question 2

The auricle receives sensory nerves from the _____

Answer 2

• Auricular branch of the vahus and facial nerves
• greater auricular nerve
• auriculotemporal branch of the terminal nerve
• lesser occipital nerves

Question 3

The auricle receives blood from the

Answer 3

Superficial temporal and posterior auricular arteries

Question 4

Slightly curved rim of the auricle

Answer 4

helix

Question 5

broader curved eminence internal to the helix, which divides the auricle into an outer scaphoid fossa and deeper concha

Answer 5

Antihelix

Question 6

The deep cavity in front of the antihelix

Answer 6

Concha

Question 7

A small projection from the anterior portion of the external ear anterior to the concha

Answer 7

Tragus

Question 8

A structure made up of areolar tissue and fat but no cartilage

Answer 8

Lobule

Question 9

The external 1/3 of the EAM is formed by ______

Answer 9

Cartilage

Question 10

The internal 2/3 of EAM is formed by _______

Answer 10

bone

Question 11

The cartilaginous portion of the EAM is wider than the bony portion and has numerous _________ that produce earwax

Answer 11

ceruminous

Question 12

The EAM is innervated by the

Answer 12

• Auriculotemporal branch of the trigeminal nerve
• auricular branch of the vagus nerve

Joins the facial and glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 13

The EAM receives blood from ________

Answer 13

• superficial temporal
• posterior auricular
• maxillary arteries (a deep auricualr branch)

Question 14

3 layers of the tympanic membrane

Answer 14

• Outer (cutaneous)
• intermediate (fibrous)
• inner (mucous) layer

Question 15

small traingular portion between the anterior and posterior malleolar folds called ________-

Answer 15

Pars flaccida (deficient ring and lack of fibrous layer)

(the remainder of the membrane is called pars tensa)

Question 16

most depressed center point of the concavity of the tympanic membrane

Answer 16

Umbo

Question 17

The external (lateral) concave surface of the tympanic membrane is covered by skin and is innervated by ________-

Answer 17

• auriculotemporal branch of the trigeminal nerve
• auricular branch of the vagus nerve

Question 18

The internal (medial surace) of the tympanic membrane is covered by mucous membrane and is innervated by the__________ and serves as an atthachment for the hand handle of the __________

Answer 18

• Tympanic branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve
• Malleus

Question 19

Consists of the tympanic cavity with its ossicles and is lcoated within the petrous portion of the temporal bone

Answer 19

Middle ear

Question 20

space superior to the tympanic membrane that contains the head of the malleus and the body of the incus

Answer 20

Epitympanic recess

Question 21

The Tympanic cavity communicates anteriorly with the nasopharynx via the _________

Answer 21

auditory (eustachian) tube

[Posteriorly with the mastoid air cells and the mastoid antrum through the aditus ad antrum]

Question 22

Boundaries of the Tympanic membrane

Answer 22

• Roof: Tegmen Tympani
• Floor: Jugular FOssa
• Anterior: Carotid Canal
• Posterior: mastoid air cells and mastoid antrum through the aditus ad antrum
• Lateral: Tympanic membrane
• Medial: lateral wall of the inner ear, presenting the promontory formed by the basal turn of the cochlea, the fenestra vestibuli (oval window), the fenestra cochlea (round window), and the prominence of the facial canal

Question 23

pushed back and forth by the footplate of the stapes and transmits the sonic vibrations of the ossicles into the perilymph of the scala vestibuli in the inner ear

Answer 23

Oval Window (fenestra Vestibuli)

Question 24

Closed by the secondary tympanic (mucous) membrane of the middle ear and accomodates the pressure waves transmitted to the perilymph of the scala tympani

Answer 24

Round Window (Fenestra Cochlea or Tympani)

Question 25

smallest of the skeletal muscles in the human body Arises from the pyramidal eminence, and its tendon emerges from the eminence. Inserts on the neck of the stapes and is innervated by a branch of facial nerve Pulls the head of the stapes posteriorly, thereby tilting the base of the stapes Prevents excessive oscilaltion of the stapes and thus protects the inner ear from injury from a loud noise

Answer 25

Stapedius

Question 26

Paralysis of the stapedius muscle can result in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_-

Answer 26

Hyperacusis

Question 27

Arises from the cartilaginous portion of tje auditory tube, inserts on the handle (manubrium) of the malleus and is innervated by the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve Draws the tympanic membrane medially and tightens it (in response to loud noises), thereby increasing the tension and reducing the vibration of the tympanic membrane

Answer 27

Tensor Typmani Muscle

Question 28

Consists of a head, neck, handle and anteriopr and lateral processes Rounded head articulates with incus in the epitympanic recess Its handle is fused to the medial surface of the tympanic membrane and serves as an attachment of the tensor tympani muscle

Answer 28

Malleus (hammer)

Question 29

Consists of a body and two processes (crura) Its long process descends vertically, parallel to the handle of the malleus and articulate with the stapes Its short process extends horizontally backward to the fossa of the incus and provides the attachment for the posterior ligament of the incus

Answer 29

Incus

Question 30

Consists of a head and neck, 2 processes (crura) and a base (foorpalte) Its neck provides insertion of the stapedius muscle Has a hole through which the stapedial artery is transmitted in the embryo; this hole is obturated by a thin membrane in the adult

Answer 30

Stapes (stirrup)

Question 31

Connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx Allows air to enter or leave the middle ear cavity and thus balances the pressure in the middle ear with atmospheric pressure, allowing free movement of the tympanic me,brane Opened by the simultaneous contraction of the tensor veli palatini and salpingopharyngeus muscle

Answer 31

Auditory ( Pharyngotympanic or Eustachian ) Tube

Question 32

Sensory nerve to the Middle Ear

Answer 32

innervated by th tympanic branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve, which forms the tympanic plexus with caroticotympanic nerves from the Internal carotid plexus of sympathetic fibers The tympanic nerve continues beyond the plexus as the lesser petrosal nerve, which transmits preganglionic parasymapthetic fibers to the otic ganglion

Question 33

Blood supply to the Middle Ear

Answer 33

Receives blood from the stylomastoid branch of the posterior auricular artery and the anterior tympanic branch of the maxilalry artery

Question 34

The bony labyrinth contains \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, in which the membranous labyrinth is suspended

Answer 34

Perilymph

Question 35

begins in the vestubule and receives the vibrations transmitted to the perilymp at the oval window

Answer 35

Scala vestibuli

Question 36

communicates with the scala vestibuli through the helicotrema at the apex of the cochlea and ends at the round window, where the sound pressure wave are dissipated

Answer 36

Scala tympani

Question 37

the membranous labyrinth is filled with \_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 37

endolymph

Question 38

dilated membranous sacs in the vestibule and contain sense organs called maculae, Detects linear accelaration of the head

Answer 38

Utricle and Saccule * The macula of the utricle has horizontal orientation * macula of the saccule has vertical orientation

Question 39

Consists of anterior (superior), lateral, and posterior ductsm and their dilated ends are called ampullar Detect rotational or angular acceleration

Answer 39

Semicircular ducts

Question 40

The _________ is wedged between the scala vestibuli and scala tympani and contains endolymph and the spiral; organ of corti

Answer 40

Cochlear duct (scala media)

Question 41

Pharyngeal groove ____ forms the external auditory meatus and tympanic membrane

Answer 41

1

Question 42

\_\_\_\_\_\_ form the auricle

Answer 42

Auricular hillocks

Question 43

Pharyngeal arch ____ forms the incus, malleus, tensor tympani muscle, and trigeminal nerve

Answer 43

1

Question 44

Pharyngeal arch ____ forms the stapes, stapedius muscle, and facial nerve

Answer 44

2

Question 45

Pharyngeal pouch ____ forms the auditory tube and middle ear cavity

Answer 45

1

Question 46

Pharyngeal _______ 1 forms the tympanic membrane

Answer 46

membrane

Question 47

The ____ develops from the otic placodses (thickening of embryonic ectoderm), which invaginate to form the otic or auditory vesicles (otocysts)

Answer 47

Internal Ear

Question 48

is the primordium of the internal ear and is derived from the surface ectoderm

Answer 48

Aurditory Vesicle (Otocys)

Question 49

The ____ develops from the mesenchyme around the otocyst and forms the perilympahtic space, which develops into the scala tympani and scala vestibule.

Answer 49

Otic capsule