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*Part II Supplemental > NBS II General Diagnosis random notes > Flashcards

NBS II General Diagnosis random notes Flashcards

1
Q

Ear crusty discharge

A

Otitis externa, swimmers ear

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2
Q

Bulging tympanum

A

Otitis media

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3
Q

Retracted tympanum - blocking Eustachian tube

A

Serrous (bubbly) and altitude

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4
Q

Myringitis

A

Redness (acute infection)

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5
Q

Meningitis

A

Common complication

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6
Q

Ear black discharge

A

Perforation

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7
Q

Ear: Pearly gray

A

Normal

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8
Q

Otosclerosis

A

chalky white ear drum

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9
Q

Conduction problem conditions/ disease

A

INfection
Cerumen
Otosclerorsis

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10
Q

Ear conduction problem can hear better or worse in lout environment?

A

Better

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11
Q

Weber lateralizes to the side of? (Ear that can hear)

A

Conduction problem

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12
Q

Rhinne air vs bone conduction

A

Air 2: Bone 1

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13
Q

Nose: Red

A

Acute rhinitis

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14
Q

Nose: Pale/ gray/ blue

A

Allergies or chronic “itis”

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15
Q

Nose: Foul discharge

A

Foreign object

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16
Q

Nose: Clear discharge/ bloody

A

CSF

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17
Q

Nose: Watery unilateral

A

Cribriform plate fracture

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18
Q

Nose bleed

A

Epistaxis

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19
Q

Nose: Mass in mucosa

A

Polyp

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20
Q

Supraclavicular lymph drains …..

A

Right side; above the diaphragm

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21
Q

Abnormal Rhinne test indicate

A

Air conduction problem

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22
Q

What vertebra level is pancreas located

A

T10

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23
Q

Epigastric, fetal position, alcoholism, ECHYMOSIS in the flank that is NOT painful

A

Pancreatitis (head)

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24
Q

diseases in pancreas head

A

Pancreatitis

Cancer

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25
Q

Diseases in pancreas tail

A

Diabetes Melitus

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26
Q

Tests for diabetes

A

A1C (best) - looking for glycosylation in blood
GTT (8-12 hours)
FBS
Glycosylated Hemoglobin

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27
Q

Does pancreatitis patient experience pain?

A

Yes, sharp pain that goes through and patient leans FORWARD to alleviate pain

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28
Q

What can be used (substance) to help with diabetes

A

Chromium

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29
Q

When sugar combines with protein causing inflammation and free radicals

A

Glycation

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30
Q

Sensorineural hearing conditions

A

Presbycusis
Neuroma
Menierre’s

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31
Q

GB quadrant

A

RUQ

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32
Q

Murphy’s sign is associated with

A

GB

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33
Q

Female, multiparous, flatulence, distension, obese, steatorrhea, right scapular pain, jaundice

A

GB

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34
Q

Shilling’s Shift

A

WBC 17,500

Appendicitis

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35
Q

Shilling’s Test

A

PLS

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36
Q

What quadrant is Appendicitis

A

RLQ

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37
Q

Where is appendicitis pain located

A

McBURNEY’s point

B/w ASIS and umbilicus (Right Lower)

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38
Q

Tests for appendicits

A

Psoas test & Obturator Test
Blumberg (Rebound tenderness)
Rovsing’s (Pressure in LLQ)
Markle (Heel Jar)

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39
Q

Which quadrant is being pressed in Rovsing’s

A

LLQ

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40
Q

What condition cause pain at every point during Blumber Rebound Tenderness

A

Peritonitis

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41
Q

How to test obturator

A

Internal and external rotate hip

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42
Q

How to do psoas test

A

Flex or extend hip

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43
Q

Peptic ulcer includes

A

Duodenal and Gastric Ulcer

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44
Q

Helicobacter Pylori, infection

A

Peptic ulcer

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45
Q

What study is needed for peptic ulcer

A

Barium Study

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46
Q

Virchow’s node on the left, occult blood

A

Cancer

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47
Q

Elderly, alcohol problem, B12 absorption problem, PLS (stocking and glove paresthesia)

A

Gastritis

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48
Q

Which one is more common? Gastric/ duodenal ulcer

A

Duodenal - due to stress, acidic condition, lack of sleep

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49
Q

Which one may be relieved after eating? Gastric/ duodenal ulcer

A

Gastric ulcer

Duodenal - 2 hours after eating

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50
Q

B12 extrinsic factor, diet (animal product)

A

CYANOCOBALAMIN

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51
Q

B12 intrinsic factor

A

Secreted by parietal cells in gut (ext and int combined to allow B12 absorption)

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52
Q

B12 function

A

RBC maturation

Myelination of nerves

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53
Q

Demyelination of nerves is

A

Sclerosis

54
Q

Parietal cell degradation from chronic diet abuse, proton inhibitor pump meds (Nexium)

A

Chronic gastritis

55
Q

What kind of anemia is related to chronic gastritis

A 
Pernicious anemia (reticulocytosis)
Megaloblastic anemia (b/c b12 helps RBC to mature)
56
Q

What nerves are targeted with B12 deficiency

A

Posterior column

Lateral tract

57
Q

Increase number of immature RBC

A

Reticulocytosis

58
Q

Chronic gastritis test

A

B12 assay
Schilling’s test
ACHLORHYDRIA

59
Q

COLON: elderly, outpouching, fiber

A

Diverticulosis

60
Q

COLON: Abrupt constipation, follows polyps

A

Cancer

61
Q

COLON: SKIP LESION, STRING SIGNS, rectal bleeding

A

Crohn’s

62
Q

COLON: stress, bloody diarrhea, MEGACOLON, stoll transplant (microbiota)

A

Ulcerative colitis

63
Q

COLON: early: increased distal or late; decreased

A

Obstruction

64
Q

COLON: Fluid in abdoment, with organ failure

A

Ascites

65
Q

Ascites test

A

Fluid wave

Puddle sign

66
Q

How long to listen for ABOBORYGMI

A

5 minutes

67
Q

Tender, swollen, boggy, IgM, leukocytopenia, lymphocytosis

A

Acute Hepatitis (A&C)

68
Q

Non tender, swollen, boggy, IgG, Increase or normal WBC and enzymes

A

Chronic Hep

69
Q

Leukocytopenia

A

Decrease WBC

70
Q

Lymphocytosis

A

Increase lymph

71
Q

Non tender, Variable (swollen or not), Hard (smooth), increase GGT

A

Liver cirrhosis

72
Q

Non tender, swollen, hard (nodule), increase biopsy

A

Liver cancer

73
Q

Colon disease related with HLAB27

A

Crohns

Ulcerative Collitis

74
Q

Kidney is located at which vertebra level?, which side is slightly lower

A

T12-L3

Right

75
Q

HEP abrev

A

HTN
Edema
Proteinuria

76
Q

HEP, chronic failure, fat OVAL BODIES, ALL casts

A

Nephrosis

77
Q

Female, ascending, E. Coli, No cast, No fever, NITRATES

A

Cystitis

78
Q

PAINLESS BLEEDING

A

cancer

79
Q

Male, 20 yo, sedentary lifestyle, colicky

A

Stones

80
Q

Toxemia of pregnancy

A

Pre-eclampsia (HEP)

Eclampsia (HEP + convulsion)

81
Q

Proteinuria indicates Upper or Lower tract infection?

A 
UPPER tract, DESCENDING
Indicates kidney (nephron) condition
82
Q

Fever, Strep, Sequela is carditis

A

Nephritic (infection)

83
Q

Strep, HEP, Cast, Proteinuria, STONES, Fever

A

Kidney (nephron), Upper tract, descending

84
Q

STD, E.Coli, NITRATES, No fever, FUB (Frequency, Urgency, Burning) urination

A

Ascending tract, Lower tract

85
Q

Strep story

A

Mouth - Kidney - Heart

86
Q

RBC cast

A

Glomerulonephritis

87
Q

WBC and Waxy cast

A

Pyelonephritis

88
Q

All cast

A

Nephrosis

89
Q

Hyaline cast

A

Normal

90
Q

Which kind of hemorrhoids; Often symptoms free unless defecating (portal HTN)

A

External Hemorrhoids (Thrombosed)

91
Q

Which kind of hemorrhoids; painful, bloody defecation

A

Internal hemorrhoid (Prolapsed)

92
Q

Strain produces donut shape anus

A

Rectal prolapse

93
Q

Linear tear, bloody defecation

A

Rectal fissure

94
Q

Firm, palpable growth

A

Rectal polyps

95
Q

Which valves are open and shut during S1 Systole?

A 
AV shut (mitral, tricuspid)
Semilunar opens (Aortic, pulmonic)
96
Q

Stenosis means …. and it has …. pitch, heard using …. part of stethoscope

A

Can’t fully open
Low pitch
Bell

97
Q

Regurgitation means (or AKA)

A

Insufficient, prolapse, incompetent

High pitch, diaphragm of stethoscope

98
Q

Auscultation point: aortic valve

A

Right second intercostal space

99
Q

Auscultation point: pulmonic valve

A

Left 2nd ICS

100
Q

Auscultation point: Erb’s point

A

Left 3rd ICS

101
Q

Auscultation point: Tricuspid

A

Left 4th ICS

102
Q

Auscultation point: Mitral

A

5th ICS midclavicular

103
Q

Difficult to hear, AV valves out of sync

A

S1 Splitting

104
Q

S1 splitting is heard where?

A

Near tricuspid location (L 4th ICS)

105
Q

S2 ONLY during inspiration, children and athletes, PULMONIC shuts LATE

A

Physiological S2 splitting

106
Q

S2 splitting is heard where?

A

At pulmonic (L 2nd ICS)

107
Q

S2 always split, AORTIC valve shuts EARLY d/t HTN

A

Pathological S2

108
Q

S3&S4 Which one can be normal and abnormal

A

S3

S4 is always abnormal

109
Q

Low Pitch, Bell at Apex, Associated with AV regurgitation

A

S3

110
Q

S3 Physiological

A

Under 40, often heard in children and late pregnancy

111
Q

S3 Pathological

A

Over 40, called ventricular gallop

112
Q

Midsystolic Murmur

A

Semilunar Stenosis

113
Q

Pansystolic Murmur

A

AV Regurgitation

Pan means all throughout systole

114
Q

Associated with AV Regurgitation

A

Pansystolic Murmur

S3

115
Q

When does Ejection usually occur?

A

Usually systolic; Valve opening, Semilunar stenosis

116
Q

Aortic Ejection …. during respiration

A

Stays the same

117
Q

Pulmonic Ejection ….. with respiration

A

Decreases

118
Q

Occurs in late systolic, valve shutting, mitral prolapse (apex and 2nd intercostal space)

A

Clicks

119
Q

“Clicks” are evaluated in what position

A

Multiple position (standing, squatting, supine)

120
Q

Occurs in very early diastole, mitral stenosis, high pitched, heard in apex in pulmonic region

A

Opening Snap

121
Q

Is opening snap affected by respiration?

A

No

122
Q

Opening snap is often misdiagnosed as

A

Pulmonic Valve Abnormality

123
Q

Innocent murmur that is heard in children

A

Stills murmur

124
Q
  • Persistent opening between two major blood vessel exiting heart after birth
A

Patent ductus arteriosis

125
Q

Patent ductus arteriosis is associated with ….. murmur

A

Machinery murmur

126
Q

Strong association with clot formation (stroke potential)

A

Atrial flutter or fibrilation

127
Q

Inflammation around the heart, rub present (4th intercostal)

A

Pericarditis

128
Q

Infection of the heart muscle itself (MC is strep)

A

Endocarditis

129
Q

Evaluates heart rhythms

A

EKG - MI, Arrhythmia

130
Q

Evaluates chamber size and fluid (murmur, CHF, carditis)

A

Echocardiogram - (murmur, CHF, carditis)

131
Q

MI Cardiac enzymes (4)

A
  • Troponin
  • CK-MB (1 hour)
  • SGOT/AST (2-3 hours)
  • LDH (2-3 days)

*Part II Supplemental (28 decks)

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