Central Nervous System

Question 1

Sensory and motor interpretation, language, stroke (CVA), Cerebral Palsy, Alcoholism, Alzheimers, Tumor

Answer 1

Cerebrum

Question 2

Balance, coordination, dysmetria (past pointing), dyssinergia (lack of coordination), diadochokinesia (rapid alternating movement), tandem gait, MS, Alcoholism and a form of cerebral palsy

Answer 2

Cerebellum

Question 3

Two point discrimination, vibration, and joint position sense
MS
Tabes DOrsalis, Leprosy

Answer 3

Posterior COlumn

Question 4

Voluntary Motor, Flexor of the hands and feet, UMNL

Answer 4

Corticospinal (Pyramidal)

Question 5

Pain and temperature

Syringomyelia

Answer 5

Lateral Spinothalamic

Question 6

Crude light touch

Answer 6

Anterior Spinothalamic

Question 7

Balance reflexes and postural muscles.
Benign positional vertigo
Labyrinthitis

Answer 7

Vestibulospinal

Question 8

Muscle tone and synergy to proximal flexors of the extremities

Answer 8

Rubrospinal

Question 9

Muscle tone and synergy to voluntary extensor muscles

Answer 9

Reticulospinal

Question 10

Crosses at medullary pyramids and travels to the flexors of extremities

Answer 10

Lateral corticospinal

Question 11

Crosses at the segmental level and then to flexor of the trunk. UMNL

Answer 11

Ventral corticospinal

Question 12

Pathological longitudinal cyst of the central canal of the spinal cord. Fluid filling cavities expand in adult years, congenital weakening usually at C5-6 level

Answer 12

Syringomyelia

Question 13

Loss of sense of pain and temperature over the shoulders and back in CAPE LIKE DISTRIBUTION

Answer 13

Syringomyelia

Question 14

Demyelination of the CNS (oligodendrocytes are responsible for myelination in CNS) producing demyelination of the spinal cord and later the brain. Both motor and sensory tracts are affected.

Answer 14

MS

Question 15

MS MC seen in ….

Answer 15

Females age 20-40

Question 16

Periods of exacerbation of pain. Worse when moving from cold to wam climate

Answer 16

MS

Question 17

MS best diagnosed with what imaging

Answer 17

MRI

Question 18

Intention tremor, Charcot’s triad, Scanning speech, Nystagmus. Associated with?

Answer 18

MS

Question 19

Diplopia, Scotoma, transient blindness, Optic neuritis, pain, vertigo, UMNL in legs and causing distal weakness.

Answer 19

MS

Question 20

MS positive ortho test

Answer 20

+ Lhermitte

Question 21

Myastenia gravis MC demographic

Answer 21

Female age 20-40 (same as MS)

Question 22

Autoimmune disease in which the body makes antibodies against the acetylcholine receptors. Myoneural junction dysfunction. Weakness in CN then Proximal muscle affected.

Answer 22

Myasthenia Gravis

Question 23

Early signs of Myasthenia Gravis

Answer 23

Ptosis, diplopia, dysarthria, fatigue of muscles especially following exercise.
Muscle weakness varies during the day but worse at the end of the day.

Question 24

Myasthenia Gravis is diagnosed with….treated with….

Answer 24

Tensilon test

Cholinesterase inhibiting drugs

Question 25

Affects the corticospinal tracts and anterior horn. Usually begins in the hands and feet and life expectancy is short.

Answer 25

ALS (Lou gehrig’s disease)

Question 26

ALS MC demographic

Answer 26

Male older than 40

Question 27

Fasciculations are present as well as spasticity and increased DTR.
LMNL in arms and UMNL in legs

Answer 27

ALS

Question 28

ALS ddx

Answer 28

Lateral canal stenosis

Question 29

Degeneration of the posterior column and the corticospinal tract as results of B12 deficiency (pernicious anemia). Neurological symptoms are irreversible

Answer 29

Posterolateral sclerosis (PLS)

Question 30

PLS AKA

Answer 30

Combined system disease

Question 31

+ Schilling test

Answer 31

PLS

Question 32

Glove and stocking paresthesia

Answer 32

PLS

Question 33

A hermisection (partially severed) spinal cord usually caused by injury

Answer 33

Brown Sequard

Question 34

Ipsilateral loss of motor function and dorsal column (proprioception) with contra lateral loss of pain and temperature

Answer 34

Brown sequard

Question 35

A non progressive motor disorder of the cerebral cortex due to anoxia to the brain prenatally or during birth trauma

Answer 35

Cerebral palsy

Question 36

SCISSOR GAIT, spastic paralysis, athetoid (MC) and choreiform movements, normal intelligent level

Answer 36

Cerebral palsy

Question 37

A chronic progressive condition associated with loss of dopamine in the substantial nigra causing basal ganglionic dysfunction. Extrapyramidal tract involvement with gradual onset over the age of 50

Answer 37

Parkinson’s disease AKA Paralysis agitans

Question 38

Resting tremors, mask like face, festinating gait, cogwheel lead pipe rigidity, forward stooped posture, bradykinesia

Answer 38

Parkinson’s disease