Flashcards in Neuro Deck (77)
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1
What causes Wallenberg Syndrome?
S&S Wallenberg Syndrome (Lateral Medullary Syndrome) RIGHT
- Vertebral a. or Post. Inf. Cerebellar A. stroke
- hoarseness
ptosis R eyelid
small R pupil
dysmetria with finger to nose testing on the R
loss of pinprick on the arm and leg L
2
What causes Wallenberg Syndrome?
S&S Wallenberg Syndrome (Lateral Medullary Syndrome) LEFT
- Vertebral a. or Post. Inf. Cerebellar A. stroke
- hoarseness
ptosis L eyelid
small L pupil
dysmetria with finger to nose testing on the L
loss of pinprick on the arm and leg R
3
Vestibular lesions cause
Vertigo and N&V
4
What does the Inferior cerebellar peduncle do?
What do lesions of the Inferior cerebellar peduncle cause?
- Connects cerebellum to medulla
- Ataxia and dysmetria
5
What does the lateral spinothalamic tract lesion at the medulla cause?
Contralat loss of pain and temp
6
What does the nucleus ambiguus do?
What does a lesion in this area cause?
- Brachial efferent motor neuron of the Vagus n. that controls larynx
- Hoarseness
7
Beck's (Ant. Spinal A.) Syndrome S&S
Bilat. flaccid paralysis at level of lesion
Bilat. loss pain and temp and spasms below level
8
What tracts or spinal cord areas are affected in ALS?
Corticospinal
Ventral Horn of spinal cord
9
Vasovagal syncope
triggered by physical/emotional stress
sweating, palpitations, nausea precede episode
"Posture, provoking, prodromal"
10
Lewy Body Dementia trigger words
Location?
Description?
round, dense cells with eosinophilia core surrounded by clear halos
in Basal Ganglia
parkinsonism with dementia and colorful hallucinations
11
Chromosome 21 encodes which Alzheimer's gene?
Amyloid beta precursor protein gene
12
Most common renal lesion in Tuberous Sclerosis (Auto Dom)
Angiomyolipoma
13
Alzheimer Genes
Presenelin I, II (chrom 14, I)
APP (21)
Susceptibility (APOe4)
14
Vascular Dementia keywords
lacunar infarcts
stepwise deterioration
lateralizing signs (spasticity, hemiparesis, ataxia, pseudobulbar palsy)
15
Pick Disease/Frontotemporal dementia keywords
MAPT gene - Tau protein buildup
early onset personality changes
Frontal and Temporal lobe atrophy
Tx: Anticholinesterase inhibitors [Aricept, Tacrine, Rivastigmine]
16
Temporal Lobe epilepsy keywords
strange smells, lilliputian hallucinations
17
Creutzfeldt Jakob Dz. keywords
rapid prion accumulation
myoclonus
sharp waves on slow EEG
18
Global Aphasia (both Broca and Wernicke's Areas affected)
not fluent/no spontaneous speech
no repetition/comprehension
19
Wernicke Aphasia (superior temporal gyrus of temporal lobe)
fluent
no repetition/comprehension
Wernicke's wordy but makes no sense
20
Broca Aphasia (inferior frontal gyrus of frontal lobe)
not fluent
no repeat
intact comprehension
Broca's broken boca
21
Guillain Barre attacks which nerves?
Peripheral nerves
22
Multiple sclerosis keywords
Multiple white matter hyperintensities
Oligoclonal bands in CSF
Tx: IgG, B-IFN, Natalizumab
23
Cerebral AutoDom Angiopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL)
Tetrad of: psychiatric disturbance, dementia, multiple white matter strokes, and migraines with aura
24
Bacterial Meningitis CSF findings
Elevated WBCs (1,000 - 20,000 cells/ml)
PMNs
Low Glucose
High Protein
25
Thalamic Hemorrhage (common site of parenchymal hypertensive hemorrhage)
Motor and sensory loss, eye deviation away from side of lesion
Worsening numbness opposite side of lesion
Smoking and HTN hx.
Miotic and nonreactive pupils with gaze preference to opposite side of lesion
4/5 Strength opposite side of side
may extend down to hit reticular activating system to cause coma
26
Vertebral A. Occlusion
leads to infarction of medulla
medial medulla --> flaccid then spastic contralateral hemiparesis, ipsilat tongue paralysis
lateral medulla --> Wallenburg syn.
27
Primary Progressive Aphasia
Variant of Frontotemporal Dementia:
Erosion of language skills (difficulty finding words and producing speech) with preservation of cognitive and behavioral function
28
CSF Findings in Viral Meningitis
Increase Mononuclear cells
Normal Glucose
Mildly elevated Protein
29
Tx. CNS Melanoma
Radiation therapy plus stereotactic radiosurgery
30
