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NPNs Flashcards

1
Q

NPNs are traditionally used to monitor ________________

A

Renal Function

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2
Q

NPN Concentration

A

Urea > AA > Uric acid > Creatinine > Creatinine > Ammonia

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3
Q

Major excretory product of PROTEIN CATABOLISM

A

Urea

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4
Q

Major ORGANIC solute in Urine

A

Urea

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5
Q

_____ of Urea is reabsorbed by passive in renal tubules

A

40%

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6
Q

First to increase in Renal Disease

A

Urea

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7
Q

Urea is used to evaluate:

  1. ________________
  2. ________________
  3. ________________
A
  1. Renal Function
  2. Nitrogen Intake
  3. Hydration
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8
Q

Increase BUN: _________

Decrease BUN: _________

A

Increase BUN: Kidney Disease
*not excreted by Kidneys - Dehydration

Decrease BUN: Liver Disease
*synthesized in liver; do not produce

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9
Q

___________ refers to Increased NPNs or BUN (Laboratory Description) with no signs and symptoms

A

Azotemia

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10
Q

Refers to increased NPNs with SYMPTOMS

A

Uremia/Uremic Syndrome

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11
Q

Three Types of Azotemia

Pre-Renal: ______________ - Heart Problems
Renal: ____________ - Kidney Diseases
Post-Renal: Obstructed urine flow - ___________

A

Pre-Renal: Reduced blood flow - Heart Problems
Renal: Reduced Kidney function - Kidney Diseases
Post-Renal: Obstructed Urine Flow - Kidney Stones & Tumor

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12
Q

Analytical methods report urea in terms of ___________ concentration rather than urea concentration

A

Nitrogen concentration

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13
Q

Fearon Reaction

A

Diacetyl Monoxime Method

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14
Q

End Product: Fearon Reaction

A

Yellow Diazine Derivative

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15
Q

Most common method of Urea Determination

A

Couple Enzymatic Method

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16
Q

Coupled Enzymatic Method
Initial Step: ___________ - converts urea to ammonia
Secondary Reaction: ____________ - quantifies ammonium ions

A

1st reaction: Urease Method

2nd reaction: Glutamate Dehydrogenase

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17
Q

End product - Muscle Metabolism

A

Creatinine

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18
Q

Creatinine

A

Most common to monitor renal function

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19
Q

Creatinine is DIRECTLY proportional to ________, but INVERSE to _______________-

A

Direct Proportional - Muscle Mass

Inverse Proportional - Glomerular Filtration Rate

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20
Q

In Creatinine is increased: ____________

A

Low GFR (>50%)

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21
Q

Most Frequently used Methods to measure creatinine

A

Jaffe Reaction

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22
Q

Jaffe Reaction

A

Creatinine reacts with PICRIC ACID in an ALKALI Solution to form a RED-ORANGE CHROMOGEN

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23
Q

Adsorbent used to prevent interferences in Creatinine measurement

A

Fuller’s Earth

Lloyd’s Reagent

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24
Q

Fuller’s Earth: ______________

Lloyd’s Reagent: ____________

A

Fuller’s Earth: Aluminum Magnesium Silicate

Lloyd’s Reagent: Sodium Aluminum Silicate

25
Measures between two time points using serum mixed with alkaline picrate
Kinetic Jaffe
26
Coupled Enzymatic Method in Creatinine Determination
Creatinase-Hydrogen Peroxide method
27
Anticoagulants that Inhibits Urease
Citrate | Fluoride
28
Major End product of PURINE METABOLISM
Uric Acid
29
Most abundant form of Uric acid in plasma
Monosodium Urate
30
Value for Crystallization deposited in the joints & tissues
> 6.8 mg/dl
31
Clinical Significance Uric Acid
Gout Increased Nuclear Metabolism (Cancer) Renal dysfunction - Renal stones
32
Inflammation in the Joints caused by precipitation of SODIUM URATE
Gout
33
Gout most common in _______ at age _________
Most common in males | Age: 30-50 years
34
Refers to Increased Uric Acid
Hyperuricemia
35
Chemical Method - Uric Acid
Caraway Method - Phosphotungstic Reduction Test
36
Treatment for chemotherapeutic patients which inhibit xanthine oxidase
Allopurinol
37
An X-linked disorder due to complete deficiency of HGPT
Lesch-Nyahan Syndrome
38
HGPT
Hypoxanthine -guanine phosphoribosyltransferase
39
End color - Caraway Method
Blue
40
Parameters for Kidney Function
BUN BUA Creatinine
41
Can be used as a lone parameter for Kidney Function
Creatinine
42
Enzyme used in converting uric acid to allotoin
Uricase
43
End Color - Coupled Enzymatic Method for BUA
Red
44
Free Ammonia is toxic to the ______ and ______
Neurotoxic | Hepatotoxic
45
Principal source of ammonia
Glutamine
46
Chemical Method - Ammonia
Conway Method
47
Conway method measures ammonia through ____________
Back Titration
48
Measurement of ammonia
Nesslerization | Berthelot Reaction
49
Berthelot "indophenol" reaction uses ______________
hydrochlorite - sodium nitroprusside
50
End Color - Berthelot reaction
Blue Color
51
NPN substance that depend on Liver Function
Ammonia
52
Most common method for Ammonia Determination
Glutamate Dehydrogenase
53
Clinical Significance of Ammonia
Liver Disease Reyes Syndrome Hepatic Coma
54
Can Increase Ammonia Concentration
``` Ammonium salts Asparaginase Barbiturates Diuretics Ethanol Hyperalimentation Narcotic Analgesics ```
55
Can Decrease Ammonia Concentration
L. acidophilus Lactose Levodopa Diphenhydramine
56
Specimen collection - Ammonia
WB is not used On ICE, ASAP! Centrifuge - 0-4C for 20 mins Preferred Anticoagulant - EDTA
57
Inhibits Uricase
EDTA | Flouride
58
Three Basic Renal Processes
Filtration Reabsorption Secretion
59
Excretion Formula
Filtration - Reabsorption + Secretion

Clinical Chemistry (20 decks)

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