Flashcards in Nutrition Module 8: Micronutrients Review Deck (194)
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91
Copper: toxicity?
1. Liver damage
2. DNA damage
92
Zinc: sources? 4
1. Milk
2. Meat
3. Yogurt
4. Beans
93
Zinc: functions? 7
1. Constituents of 300+ enzymes: Cell growth and division, DNA replication, gene transcription, RNA synthesis, protein synthesis
2. Immune health
3. Wound healing
4. Increases folate absorption
5. Antioxidant
6. Modulates insulin activity
94
Zinc: deficiency? 13
1. Growth retardation via decreased appetitie
2. Delayed wound healing
3. Immune dysfunction
4. Skin lesions
5. General malnutrition
6. Anemia
7. Cognitive impairment
8. Delayed sexual maturation
9. Hypogonadism
10. Impaired taste
11. Decreased appetite
12. Cancer risk
13. White spots on nails = leukonychia
14. Night blindness
95
Zinc: toxicity? 4
1. Interfers with copper and iron absorption
2. GI irritation with vomiting
3. Anemia
4. CNS disturbance
96
Calcium: sources? 7
1. Dairy
2. Calcium-fortified juice
3. Cereal
4. Tofu
5. Chinese cabbage
6. Kale
7. Broccoli
97
What does maximum absorption of calcium by the small intestine depend on?
Adequate vitamin D
98
What 2 nutrients consumed in high amounts can greatly reduce calcium uptake by the small intestine?
1. Oxalate
2. Phosphate
99
Calcium: functions? 4
1. Intracellular hormone-like signaling
2. Neurotransmission
3. Regulation of cell growth and differentiation
4. Blood clotting
100
What groups of people are at risk for calcium deficiency? 2
1. Vegans
2. Those who do not eat dairy
101
What does fractional calcium absorption mean?
Calcium absorption efficiency
102
When does higher fractional calcium absorption occur? How does it evolve over time?
Infancy and gradually declines with age
103
Selenium: sources? 4
1. Seafood
2. Meat
3. Grains
4. Nuts
104
Selenium: functions?3
1. ROS protection (glutathione peroxidase cofactor)
2. TH action regulation
3. Regulation of redox status of Vitamin C
105
What disease is associated with selenium deficiency?
Keshan disease = cardiomyopathy in China
106
Does selenium deficiency cause any symptoms?
NOPE
107
What can selenium deficiency increase the risk of?
Certain cancers
108
Selenium: toxicity? 6
1. Hair/Nail brittleness and loss
2. GI disturbances
3. Skin rash
4. Fatigue
5. Irritability
6. NS abnormalities
109
Potassium: rich sources? 4
1. Fruits
2. Veggies
3. Fresh meats
4. Milk
110
Potassium: functions? 5
1. Body water distribution
2. Acid/Base balance
3. Membrane transport and polarization
4. Neuromuscular and cardiac function
5. Protects against high BP
111
Vitamin K: what can cause deficiency?
Diuretics and other medications can increase losses and oral antibiotics can kill digestive bacteria that produce it
112
What can cause excess potassium? What does this lead to?
Kidney problems = cardiac arrest
113
What can cause potassium and sodium deficiency?
Prolonged diarrhea or vomiting
114
Magnesium: sources? 5
1. Whole grains
2. Legumes
3. Nuts
4. Dark green veggies
5. Some fruit
115
Magnesium: functions? 2
1. Maintain normal BP
2. Needed for all reactions involving ATP
116
Magnesium: deficiency? 5
1. Increased BP
2. Increased insulin resistance
3. Accelerated atherosclerosis
4. Arrhythmia
5. Bone mineral loss
117
Magnesium: toxicity? 1
Osmotic diarrhea with 350mg or more of non-food magnesium
118
Sodium: sources? 5
1. Processed foods
2. Smoked foods
3. Pickled foods
4. Cured meets
5. Condiments
119
Sodium: functions? 4
1. Extracellular volume regulation
2. Osmotic fluid shifts
3. RMP
4. Co-transport across plasma membrane
120
