Organisation Of Cells Into Tissues And Organs

Question 1

What are the 2 components of the digestive system

Answer 1

Gastrointestinal tract (GIT)
Associated organs and glands (attached to tract)

Question 2

What are the 4 basic layers of the GIT

Answer 2

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis
Serosa/Adventitia (connective tissue)

Question 3

What are the types of mucosa GIT layer

Answer 3

Epithelium
Lamina propria
Muscularis mucosa

Question 4

What are the layers of the muscularis

Answer 4

Outer layer (longitudinal)
Nerve plexus
Inner layer (circular)

Question 5

What are the variations in mucosa epithelium for the stomach

Answer 5

Simple columnar epithelium with extensive tabular glands to produce secretions (stomach acid)

Question 6

What are the variations in mucosa epithelium for the oral cavity, oesophagus and anal canal

Answer 6

Non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium to provide protection

Question 7

What are the variations in mucosa epithelium for the small intestine

Answer 7

Simple columnar epithelium with microvilli and tubular glands for absorption of nutrients

Question 8

What are the variations in mucosa epithelium for the large intestine

Answer 8

Simple columnar epithelium with tubular glands
Protection and absorption

Question 9

Why is the mucosa layers folded

Answer 9

To increase surface area

Question 10

What are the types of associated organs in the digestive system

Answer 10

Salivary glands
Liver
Gall bladder
Pancreas

Question 11

What are the types of salivary glands in the associated organs of the digestive system

Answer 11

Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual

Question 12

What are the characteristics of the sublingual gland

Answer 12

Mucus secretion is greater than water secretion

Question 13

What are the characteristics of the submandibula gland

Answer 13

50/50 secretion of water and mucus

Question 14

What are the components of the liver

Answer 14

Hepatocytes
Hepatic lobules
Portal triad (corners)
Central vein

Question 15

What are the directions of blood flow from different parts of the liver

Answer 15

Blood flows form portal vein and heptatic artery towards central vein through sinusoids

Question 16

What are the components of the portal triad

Answer 16

A branch portal vein (middle)
A branch of hepatic artery
Bile duct

Question 17

What is the arrangement for a hepatic lubule

Answer 17

hexagonal

Question 18

What is the function of a hepatic lobule

Answer 18

Fulfils liver basic function
Nutrients taken from blood and substances are detoxified

Question 19

What are the components of the pancreas

Answer 19

Mixed glands-
Exocrine portion
Endocrine portion (islands)

Question 20

What is the function of the exocrine portion of the pancreas

Answer 20

Contains serous acini to produce digestive juices, proteases, lipases

Question 21

What is the function of the endocrine portion of the pancreas

Answer 21

Islets
Produce insulin - A cells and glucagon - B cells

Question 22

What are the components of the respiratory system

Answer 22

Upper respiratory tract
Trachea
Bronchial tree
Lungs

Question 23

What are the components of the trachea

Answer 23

Respiratory epithelium
Lamina propria
Hyaline cartilage of tracheal ring

Question 24

What is the arrangement of respiratory epithelium

Answer 24

Pseudo-stratified, ciliated (cilia containing) columnar epithelium with goblet cells (for secretion)

Question 25

What are the components of the bronchial tree

Answer 25

Bronchi Bronchiole Columnar cells of epithelial

Question 26

What happens to the size of columnar epithelium cells going down the respiratory (bronchial tree)

Answer 26

Get shorter

Question 27

What are the components of bronchi

Answer 27

Large diameter airwyas Hyaline cartilage in wall

Question 28

What are the components of bronchiole

Answer 28

Smaller airways than bronchi No cartilage in walls Smooth muscle predominates in wall

Question 29

What is the arrangement of epithelium in the lung

Answer 29

Simple squamous

Question 30

What are the components of the kidney involved in urinary system

Answer 30

Cortex Medulla Nephron (main functional unit)

Question 31

What are the components of the medulla in the kidney

Answer 31

Collecting duct Loop of henle (nephron loop?) Thich and thin segment

Question 32

What are the components of the cortex in the kidney

Answer 32

Renal corpuscle Proximal convoluted tubule Distal convoluted tubule

Question 33

What are the differences between the DCT AND PCT

Answer 33

Distal has no villi Proximal has brushes outside to absorb

Question 34

What are the 3 layers of a blood vessel

Answer 34

Tunica intima Tunica media Tunica adventitia

Question 35

Why is the tunica media the largest section of a blood vessel in arteries

Answer 35

Contains elastic fibres (collagen) to expand and accommodate the surge of blood

Question 36

What is the thickest layer of a vein

Answer 36

Tunica adventitia (outside layer)