Systems microbiology

Question 1

Which common systems can be infected by pathogens

Answer 1

Upper respiratory tract
lower respiratory tract
GI tract

Question 2

What is a source of microbes for upper and lowery tract infections

Answer 2

the mouth

Question 3

What happens to the number of microbes going down the respiratory tract

Answer 3

decreases
gets more sterile

Question 4

What is a type of common oral microbe

Answer 4

oral streptococci

Question 5

What inhibitory factors for microorganisms does the GIT express

Answer 5

anaerobic
acid and bile salts

Question 6

Why can some bacteria pass through stomach acid/enter gut

Answer 6

acid tolerance
surrounded by food particles

Question 7

How do most microbes enter the GIT

Answer 7

food ingestion

Question 8

What is the bacteria arrangement in the stomach

Answer 8

sparsely populated
streptococci
lactobacilli

Question 9

What is the arrangement of bacteria in the colon

Answer 9

very densely populated
complex microflora

Question 10

what kind of species dominates the colon

Answer 10

obligatory anaerobic species

Question 11

How is the duodenum of the GIT populated

Answer 11

sparsely
complex microflora

Question 12

What microbes is the duodenum mainly populated with

Answer 12

streptococci
lactobacilli

Question 13

Which parts of the GIT are the most populated

Answer 13

ileum
colon

Question 14

What are coliform

Answer 14

species of gram negative bacilli that look like E.coli on gram film or when cultured on blood agar

Question 15

What are the properties of coliforms

Answer 15

can be grown aerobically and anaerobically
part of normal bowel flora

Question 16

How are coliform best grown

Answer 16

aerobically

Question 17

how are coliforms differentiated

Answer 17

biochemical reactions
O antigens
H antigens

Question 18

What are antigens associated with

Answer 18

Cell wall

Question 19

what are H antigens associated with

Answer 19

flagella

Question 20

How does the GIT tract stop the proliferation of microbes

Answer 20

stomach acid
replacement of mucosa (shedding)
movement of food
bile salt
antibodies
natural flora

Question 21

How does the gut natural flora provide protection against microbes

Answer 21

symbiotic/host compatible community
colonisation resistance
competition for nutrients

Question 22

How do bile salts kill microbes

Answer 22

damage bacterial membrane

Question 23

What are examples of viral diseases of the GI tract

Answer 23

norovirus (winter vomiting bug)
rotavirus

Question 24

What is the most common eukaryotic disease of the GI tract

Answer 24

Cryptosporidium

Question 25

What are the types of prokaryotic (bacterial) infections of the GI tract

Answer 25

endogenous exogenous (ingested)

Question 26

What are the most common exogenous prokaryotic infections of the GI tract

Answer 26

E.coli C.diff campylobacter

Question 27

What are prokaryotic infections of the GIT linked to

Answer 27

microbial dysbiois IBD

Question 28

What range of E.coli variants are linked to disease

Answer 28

Shiga toxin-producing (S/VTEC)

Question 29

What are CPE organisms

Answer 29

Carbapenemase producing enterobacterals

Question 30

Where do CPE organisms live

Answer 30

Gut

Question 31

What are CPE's thought to cause

Answer 31

bacteraemia

Question 32

Where can HGT between organisms occur efficiently

Answer 32

the gut

Question 33

Why are CPE's so resistant to antibiotics

Answer 33

horizontal gene trasferì

Question 34

Which infections is C.diff associated with

Answer 34

HAI disease from prescription druga

Question 35

How is the GIT colonised

Answer 35

ingestion of nutrients and organisms