The Circulatory System

Question 1

What are the components of the circulatory system

Answer 1

Cardiovascular system
Lymphatic system

Question 2

What are the primary functions of the circulatory system

Answer 2

Distribution of gases and other molecules for nutrition, growth and repair
Hormones
Mediate inflammation
Defence responses

Question 3

What are the 3 main components of the cardiovascular system

Answer 3

Arterial system
Heart
Veinous system

Question 4

What are the stages of pulmonary circulation

Answer 4

Blood from the body enters into the RA then RV, into the lungs where blood is oxygenated

Question 5

What are the stages of the systemic circulation system

Answer 5

Oxygenated blood from the lungs enters into the LA then LV and is pushed throughout the body

Question 6

When does the heart contract

Answer 6

Systole

Question 7

When does the heart relax

Answer 7

Diastole

Question 8

What are the 2 components of the pulmonary trunk

Answer 8

2 pulmonary arteries

Question 9

What is the function of the pulmonary arteries

Answer 9

Carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs

Question 10

How many pulmonary veins are there

Answer 10

4

Question 11

What is the function of the pulmonary veins

Answer 11

Carry oxygenated blood to the heart (LA)

Question 12

What is the function of the aorta

Answer 12

Carries oxygenated blood from the LV to the body (capillary bed)

Question 13

How does deoxygenated blood enter the heart

Answer 13

Through the superior and inferior vena vaca

Question 14

What are the 3 layers of the hearts wall

Answer 14

Epicardium(external)
Myocardium (middle)
Endocardium (internal

Question 15

Which layer of the heart is responsible for the cardiac muscle

Answer 15

Myocardium

Question 16

What is the name of the right atrioventricular valve

Answer 16

Tricuspid

Question 17

What is the name of the left atrioventricular valve

Answer 17

Mitral

Question 18

Where is blood leaving when it passes through the aortic semilunar valve

Answer 18

Left ventricle

Question 19

Which ventricle is blood leaving when it passes through the pulmonary semilunar valve

Answer 19

Right ventricle (pulmonary trunk)

Question 20

Which node is responsible for causing both atria to contract

Answer 20

Sinoatrial node

Question 21

Which node does the impulse travel to after leaving the sinoatrial node

Answer 21

Atrioventricular node at septum

Question 22

Where does the impulse travel down after leaving the atrioventricular node

Answer 22

Right and left in interventricular septum

Question 23

What causes both ventricles to contract

Answer 23

Impulse spreads out to myocardium through conducting fibres

Question 24

Why does the lumen of the vein flatten

Answer 24

Due to thick layer of tunica adventitia (not elastic)

Question 25

Which blood vessel has the most pressure

Answer 25

Arteries, >120/80

Question 26

What terminology lets you know an artery will divide again

Answer 26

Common or trunk

Question 27

What is the splitting of arteries known as

Answer 27

Branching, bifurcate or trifurcate

Question 28

Which part of the arterioles wall allows it to contract or dilate

Answer 28

Smooth muscle

Question 29

What happens to the smooth muscle during vasodilation

Answer 29

Relaxes, lumen widens which increases blood flow

Question 30

What happens to the smooth muscle during vasoconstriction

Answer 30

Contraction, narrow lumen reduces blood flow

Question 31

What term describes the low level of contraction of smooth muscle

Answer 31

Sympathetic tone due to tonic (continuous) conduction of action potentials

Question 32

What is anastomosis

Answer 32

Arteries connect with each other without intervening capillary networks

Question 33

What is the function of anastomosis

Answer 33

Provides alternative routes for blood flow to supply the cells distal to an arterial occlusion (block)

Question 34

What is an arterial anastomosis of the brain

Answer 34

Circle of willis - prevents cerebrovascular accident

Question 35

What are alternative routes of blood flow known as

Answer 35

Collateral arteries/collateral circulation

Question 36

What is an end artery

Answer 36

The only arterial blood supply to a given area

Question 37

What can an untreated occlusion to an end artery lead to

Answer 37

Infarction

Question 38

What is an infarction

Answer 38

Irreversible cell death due to hypoxia caused by loss of arterial blood supply

Question 39

Which arterial blood supply enters the aorta first

Answer 39

Systemic

Question 40

When does the aorta receive blood

Answer 40

At high pressure during a systole

Question 41

How is peripheral flow maintained in an aorta during diastole

Answer 41

Elastic recoil

Question 42

What are the 4 components of the aorta

Answer 42

Ascending aorta Arch of the aorta Thoracic aorta Abdominal aorta

Question 43

What are the 2 branches of the ascending aorta

Answer 43

Left coronary artery Right coronary artery

Question 44

What are the branches of the arch of the aorta

Answer 44

Brachiocephalic trunk Left common carotid artery (head) Left subclavian artery Right common carotid Right subclavian

Question 45

Where does the left subclavian artery lead to

Answer 45

Axillary artery Brachial artery - bifurcates: Left radial artery Left ulnar artery

Question 46

What does the abdominal aorta bifurcate into

Answer 46

External iliac Internal iliac

Question 47

What is a continuation of the external iliac artery

Answer 47

Femoral artery

Question 48

What artery supplies the foot

Answer 48

Dorsalis pedis artery

Question 49

What are the components of a neurovascular bundle

Answer 49

Nerve Artery Vein

Question 50

What is the function of a vein

Answer 50

Drain blood away from a territory

Question 51

What is a collection of veins that merge called

Answer 51

Tributaries

Question 52

How is venous blood returned to the heart

Answer 52

Venous valves - unidirectional against gravity Skeletal muscle pump Venae comitantes

Question 53

What is the function of accompanying veins (venae comitantes)

Answer 53

Small veins in pairs or more wrapped over an artery Artery pulsation pushes venous blood along

Question 54

Where do superficial veins drain into

Answer 54

Run into superficial fascia which drain into deep veins running into deep fascia and cavities

Question 55

Which organs is the hepatic portal venous system responsible for

Answer 55

GI tract and associated organs to liver for cleaning

Question 56

What organs is the systemic venous system responsible for

Answer 56

Drains venous blood from all other organs and tissues into the superior or inferior vena cava

Question 57

How is lymph returned to central veins

Answer 57

Lymphatic capillaries collect tissue fluid Becomes lymph Carried through lymph nodes Returned to central veins in root of neck

Question 58

Which angle does the right lymphatic duct drain into

Answer 58

Right venous duct

Question 59

Which angle does the thoracic duct drain into (responsible for left upper and bottom quadrants)

Answer 59

Left venous angle

Question 60

When are lymph nodes enlarged

Answer 60

When fighting infection or when taken over