Organizational Change and Isomophorism Flashcards
(37 cards)
What is Organizational Change?
Organizational Change involves companies like 3M, Walmart, Disney, American Express, Procter & Gamble, and Sony.
How is Organizational Development (OD) defined?
OD is defined as ‘A systematic application of behavioral science knowledge to develop, improve and reinforce the strategies, structures and processes that lead to organizational effectiveness.’
What is the primary aim of Organizational Development (OD)?
The primary aim of OD is to create organizational effectiveness.
What does OD support?
OD supports human potential, development, and participation.
Why do organizations change?
Organizations change for several reasons, including societal changes, performance reasons, image reasons, and employee changes.
What are societal changes?
Societal changes are driven by factors like technology, demographics, and laws.
What are performance reasons for change?
Performance reasons are changes made because the organization is not doing well or as pre-emptive measures.
What are image reasons for change?
Organizations may change simply because they feel they have to appear to be doing something.
How can employee changes lead to organizational change?
The arrival of new managers or employees can bring new perspectives, leading to change.
What factors contribute to successful change?
Successful change depends on people being on board, understanding the change, recognition of support beyond top-down directives, and the need for time and effort.
What causes change to fail?
Change fails when people resist it.
What is inertia in the context of resistance to change?
Inertia refers to the preference for the status quo because the old ways of doing things are comfortable.
How does timing affect resistance to change?
Organizations might feel too busy to implement change at certain times, like during a busy season.
What role does surprise play in resistance to change?
If a change is sudden or extreme, resistance may be the initial reaction.
How does peer pressure contribute to resistance?
A cohesive group may band together in opposition, pressuring individuals to resist change.
What is self-interest in the context of resistance to change?
People may resist change if the status quo is working for them, fearing potential damage or job loss.
How does misunderstanding contribute to resistance?
Decision-makers often do not share total information with employees, leading to differing perceptions of change.
What are different assessments in resistance to change?
Employees typically receive less information than management, leading to discrepancies and different assumptions about the proposed change.
How can management tactics lead to resistance?
Resistance can occur if management forces change or fails to provide necessary resources, knowledge, or leadership.
What is the first stage in the model for managing resistance?
Unfreezing: Help people imagine alternatives to current practices.
What is the second stage in the model for managing resistance?
Moving: Promote an alternative direction.
What is the third stage in the model for managing resistance?
Refreezing: Make the alternative the new normal.
What tactics can managers use to enlist cooperation?
Tactics include education and communication, participation and involvement, facilitation and support, negotiation and rewards, manipulation and cooptation, and explicit and implicit coercion.
What is reactive change?
Reactive Change involves responding to pressure after a problem has arisen.
