Understanding Perception Flashcards
(29 cards)
What is perception?
Perception is the process of becoming aware of objects, relationships, and events. It involves our senses and sensory information.
What are the four stages of the perceptual process?
The four stages are Attention and Selection, Organization, Interpretation, and Retrieval.
What is Attention and Selection in the perceptual process?
It is the selective screening process where we only process a portion of the information available.
What are the two types of Attention and Selection?
Controlled processing and Automatic information processing.
What is controlled processing?
Controlled processing involves the conscious selection of information to pay attention to.
What is automatic information processing?
Automatic information processing lacks conscious awareness.
An example is watching a video for basketball passes.
What is Organization in the perceptual process?
We use schemas, which are cognitive frameworks representing organized knowledge developed through experience.
What is a schema?
A schema is a cognitive framework representing organized knowledge developed through experience about a concept or stimulus.
What is a script schema?
Knowledge of an appropriate sequence of events in a given situation.
An example is completing the sequence after ‘I now pronounce you husband and wife.’
What is a self-schema?
Information about a person’s own appearance, behavior, and personality.
What is leader emergence?
Leader emergence involves a leader prototype determining who is seen as a leader when there is no formal leader assigned.
What traits are associated with leader emergence?
Extraversion, Authoritarianism, Intelligence, Creativity, and a Masculine gender role.
What is the purpose of a Leaderless Group Discussion (LGD)?
It is a technique involving a group in a problem-solving session or informal discussion with no appointed leader.
What is Interpretation in the perceptual process?
It involves adding meaning to the things we perceive, influenced by experiences, culture, values, and context.
What is retrieval in the perceptual process?
It is the process of sorting through existing categories to match them to new information from the environment.
What is attribution?
Attribution is the assignment of meaning to others’ behaviors or events, based on cues or signals they send.
What are the three attribution cues?
Distinctiveness, Consensus, and Consistency.
What is an internal attribution?
It assigns the cause of the behavior to the person.
What is an external attribution?
It assigns the cause of the behavior to factors outside the person’s control.
What is the fundamental attribution error?
The tendency to attribute others’ poor performance to internal causes.
Example: Assuming Max is late because he is lazy, instead of external factors like traffic.
What is self-serving bias?
The tendency to take credit for success (internal attribution) and blame external factors for failure.
What are some attribution biases?
Fundamental attribution error and self-serving bias.
What is a stereotype?
Generalizations about the qualities and characteristics of members of a group or social category.
What is selective perception?
The tendency to single out aspects of a situation, person, or object that are consistent with one’s needs, values, or attitudes.
