Osteochondrosis Dissecans (OCD) Flashcards Preview

RUSVM Large Animal Surgery > Osteochondrosis Dissecans (OCD) > Flashcards

Flashcards in Osteochondrosis Dissecans (OCD) Deck (22)
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1
Q

__________ is the process of abnormal bone and cartilage formation

A

osteochondrosis

2
Q

What is the definition of osteochondrosis dissecans (OCD)?

A

Lesions that penetrate the joint surface creating inflammation and effusion​

3
Q

Bone and cartilage form via the process of __________

A

Endochondral ossification​

4
Q

Primary spongiosa is formed by __________ using calcified columns

A

osteoblasts

5
Q

Osteochondrosis develops due to failure of blood vessels to penetrate the calcified cartilage and occlusion of canals, causing epiphyseal necrosis.

What happens as a result of the failure of blood vessels to penetrate the calcified cartilage?

A
  • Persistence of cartilage
  • Formation of cysts
  • Formation of fissures and a flap
6
Q

What are the two age groups in which cartilage defects most commonly occur?

A
  • Birth - 5 months of age
  • Greater than 1 year
7
Q

Are males or females more overrepresented in cases of osteochondrosis?

A

Males

2:1 Male:Female ratio

8
Q

What nutritional factors may lead to osteochondrosis?

A
  • Low calcium, high phosphorus
  • Trace minerals (excess zinc, copper deficit)
  • Vitamin A and D deficiency
  • High protein diet
  • High caloric intake
9
Q

T/F: Osteochondrosis causes severe lameness in horses

A

False

Osteochondrosis causes slight lameness in horses

10
Q

Is OCD usually unilateral or bilateral?

A

bilateral

11
Q

Why is OCD only slightly painful?

A

There are no nerves in cartilage

12
Q

What modalities are used to diagnose OCD?

A

radiographs, scintigraphy, arthroscopy, MRI

13
Q

What joint is most commonly affected by OCD?

A

tibiotarsal joint (hock)

14
Q

What is the second most common joint affected by OCD?

A

stifle

15
Q

What are the two most common locations for OCD on the hock?

A
  • Distal intermediate ridge of the tibia (most common)
  • Lateral trochlear ridge (2nd most common)
16
Q

T/F: The medial and lateral malleolus are the areas of the hock most commonly affected by OCD

A

False

  • The distal intermediate ridge of tibia is the most commonly affected region of the hock.*
  • The medial and lateral malleolus are affected by OCD, but only rarely.*
17
Q

Which regions on the stifle are affected with OCD?

A
  • Lateral trochlear ridge
  • Medial trochlear ridge
  • Medial femoral condyle (cyst)
18
Q

What are the treatment options for OCD?

A
  • Rest
  • Intra-articular medication
  • Surgery (arthroscopy)
19
Q

Beyond arthroscopy, what are some advanced surgical options for treatment of OCD?

A
  • Ostochondral dowel grafts
  • Autologous chondrocyte transplantation (ACT)
  • Gene therapy
20
Q

“Placement of in vitro cultivated chondrocytes under a periosteal flap to allow for proliferation of the cells” describes what surgical treatment for OCD?

A

Autogenous Chondrocyte Transplantation (ACT)

21
Q

T/F: Stem cells are generically defined as undifferentiated cells that are capable of self-renewal through replication as well as differentiation into specific cell lineages

A

True

22
Q

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) are well characterized cells of __________ origin, and provide the basis for bone marrow transplant procedures.

A

mesodermal