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Part 1 Boards > Part 1: Biochemistry (Vitamins & Minerals) > Flashcards

Part 1: Biochemistry (Vitamins & Minerals) Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

What are the water soluble vitamins?

A

B1-9 (skipping 4 & 8)
B12
Vitamin C

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2
Q

What is the active form of the vitamin Thiamine (B1)?

A

Thiamine Pyrophosphate (TPP)

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3
Q

What is the active form of the vitamin Ribo flavin (B2)?

A

Flavin-Adenine-dinucleotide (FAD)

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4
Q

What is the active form of the vitamin Niacin (B3)?

A

NAP+ & NADP+

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5
Q

What is the active form of the vitamin B5?

A

Pantothenate

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6
Q

What is the active form of the vitamin Pyridoxine (B6)?

A

Pyridoxal-5-Phosphate

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7
Q

What is the active form of the vitamin Biotin (B7)?

A

Biocytin

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8
Q

What is the active form of the vitamin Folate (B9)?

A

Tetrahydrofolate / Methyltetrahydrofolate

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9
Q

What is the active form of the vitamin Cobalamin (B12)?

A

Methylcobalamin

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10
Q

What type of reaction does the following vitamin undergo? Thiamine (B1)

A

Decarboxylation

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11
Q

What type of reaction does the following vitamin undergo? Riboflavin (B2)

A

Oxidation/Reduction
Dehydrogenase enzyme

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12
Q

What type of reaction does the following vitamin undergo? Niacin (B3)

A

Oxidation/Reduction
Dehydrogenase enzyme

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13
Q

What type of reaction does the following vitamin undergo? B5

A

Structural component of Coenzyme A

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14
Q

What type of reaction does the following vitamin undergo? Pyridoxine (B6)

A

1) Transanimations (Ketoacid <-> amino acid)
2) Amino acid metabolism

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15
Q

What type of reaction does the following vitamin undergo? Biotin (B7)

A

Carboxylation

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16
Q

What type of reaction does the following vitamin undergo? Folic Acid (B9)

A

One Carbon transfers (Methyl transfer)
DNA / RNA Synthesis

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17
Q

What type of reaction does the following vitamin undergo? Cobalamin (B12)

A

Homocysteine remethylation

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18
Q

What type of reaction does the following vitamin undergo? Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C)

A

Hydroxylation of proline and lysine in collagen

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19
Q

What vitamin enhances iron absorption?

A

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)

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20
Q

Deficiency of the following vitamin can lead to what condition/disease? -> Thiamine (B1)

A

Beri Beri / Wernicke Korsakoff Syndrome

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21
Q

Deficiency of the following vitamin can lead to what condition/disease? -> Riboflavin (B2)

A

Cheilosis (Anguar stomatitis)
Magenta tongue

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22
Q

Deficiency of the following vitamin can lead to what condition/disease? -> Niacin (B3)

A

Pellagra (4 D’s)
- Dementia
- Diarrhea
- Dermatitis
- Death

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23
Q

Deficiency of the following vitamin can lead to what condition/disease? -> B5

A

Burning foot syndrome (paresthesias)

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24
Q

Deficiency of the following vitamin can lead to what condition/disease? -> Pyridoxine (B6)

A

Carpal tunnel

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25
What substance can lead to biotin (B7) deficiency?
Avidin in egg whites depletes biotin
26
Deficiency of the following vitamin can lead to what condition/disease? -> Folic Acid (B9)
- Megaloblastic anemia - Glossitis - Neural tube defects (Spina bifida)
27
Deficiency of the following vitamin can lead to what condition/disease? -> Cobalamin (B12)
- Pernicious anemia - Posterolateral sclerosis (combined systems disease) - vegetarians
28
Deficiency of the following vitamin can lead to what condition/disease? -> Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)
Scurvy (bleeding gums) & (fragile blood vessels)
29
What is the active form of the following vitamin: Vitamin A
Retinal Retinol Acid = most active form
30
What is the active form of the following vitamin: Vitamin D
1,25 dihydroxy-cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3)
31
What is the active form of the following vitamin: Vitamin E
Alpha-tocopherol
32
What is the best source to get Vitamin K?
Green leafy vegetables
33
What are the Fat Soluble vitamins?
A,D,E,K
34
Function of Vitamin A
Vision, growth
35
Function of Vitamin D
Calcium & phosphate metabolism
36
Function of Vitamin E?
Lipid antioxidant
37
Function of Vitamin K
Blood clotting, precursor to coenzyme Q
38
Vitamin A deficiency can lead to (3)
1) Night blindness “Nyctolopia” 2) Keratomalacia (Cornea degeneration) 3) Xerophthalmia (dry eyes)
39
Vitamin D deficiency can lead to…
Young: Rickets Adults: Osteomalacia
40
Excess Vitamin E can result in…
Diarrhea
41
Vitamin K deficiency can lead to
Increased clotting time
42
What is the “vitamin for the immune system”?
Vitamin A
43
What is the best source for Vitamin E?
Wheat germ oil
44
What vitamin converts prothrombin to thrombin?
Vitamin K
45
Vitamin K is made by…
Flora
46
Function of the mineral Chromium
Glucose tolerance factor
47
Function of the mineral Cobalt
Constituent of Vitamin B12
48
Function of the mineral Magnesium
- binds to ATP - muscle contraction & relaxation - protein production - many enzymes
49
Iodine is related to what hormones?
T3 & T4
50
Function of the mineral Iron
Heme enzymes of hemoglobin & cytochromes
51
Function of the mineral Selenium
Cofactors for glutathione peroxidase
52
Function of the mineral Zinc
Cofactors for carbonic anhydrase
53
Function of the mineral Flouride
Increases hardness of teeth
54
What is the transported form of Iron called?
Transferrin
55
What is the stored form of Iron called?
Ferritin
56
Chromium deficiency leads to
Impaired glucose tolerance
57
Cobalt deficiency leads to
Pernicious anemia (B12)
58
Magnesium deficiency can lead to (3)
1) Hyperexcitability 2) Muscle weakness 3) Sleepiness
59
Iodine deficiency can lead to…
Children: cretinism Adults: goiter, myxedema
60
Iron deficiency can lead to…
Hypochromic microcytic anemia
61
Zinc deficiency can lead to…
Impaired wound healing
62
Flouride deficiency can lead to
Dental caries
63
X chess Flouride can lead to…
Hyperfluorosis
64
The methylation cycle requires what vitamins?
B9 & B12
65
B12 gives the _______ group to homocysteine
Methyl
66
What type of anemia is caused by decreased intrinsic factor?
Pernicious anemia
67
Vegetarians typically get what type of anemia?
Megaloblastic
68
What is the rate limiting enzyme in the kidney during vitamin D synthesis?
1-alpha-hydroxylase

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