Part 1: Microbiology (Viral, Bacterial & Fungal Infections) Flashcards
(160 cards)
1
Q
A single stranded RNA virus is called a
A
Viroid
2
Q
Virus either contain ____ or ____, not both
A
DNA or RNA
3
Q
Arboviruses/Arthropod borne viruses are transmitted by
A
Mosquitoes
4
Q
Polion is transmitted by
A
oral/fecal
5
Q
warts are transmitted by
A
skin contact
6
Q
Hep A is transmitted by
A
oral/fecal
7
Q
Hep B is transmitted by
A
sex, IV drugs
8
Q
Hep C is transmitted by
A
transfusions, tattooing
9
Q
Herpes Simplex Type 1 characteristics
A
- cold sores (above the belt)
- can be in Trigeminal “Gasserion” ganglion ***
10
Q
Herpes Simplex Type 2 characteristics
A
below the belt
11
Q
Characteristic of Molluscum Contagiosum:
A
pink cauliflower lesion on female genitalia
12
Q
AKA for warts
A
Papovavirus (Papillomavirus)
13
Q
AKA for Rubella
A
German Measles
3 day measles
14
Q
Characteristics of Rubeola
A
- Koplik Spots in mouth
- 3 C’s: Cough, Coryza (runny nose), Conjunctivitis
15
Q
AKA for Vaccinia
A
Cow Pox
16
Q
AKA for Variola
A
Small Pox
17
Q
Characteristics of Coxsackie virus
A
- childhood dysentery
- Hand, foot & mouth disease
18
Q
Characteristics of Echovirus
A
- skin rash
- heart disease
19
Q
Characteristics of Polio
A
- affects anterior horn
- bulbar type -> respiratory paralysis (major cause of death)
20
Q
Bulbar =
A
brainstem
21
Q
Adenovirus causes:
A
conjuctivitis & pharyngitis
22
Q
Influenza has ________ ________ and/or _______.
A
Antigenic shift and/or drift
23
Q
A small mutation of Influenza is called ___________
A
Drift
24
Q
A big mutation of Influenza is called ___________
A
Shift
25
What virus causes Mumps?
Sidomegalic paramyxoid virus
26
Mumps can lead to:
- Parotiditis
- LMNL of CN7 (bells palsy)
- Sterility from oophritis or orchitis
27
RSV can cause
Croup & Bronchiolitis
28
Definition of Capsid
Covering of genetic material
29
What can cause disseminated disease in AIDS patients?
Cytomegalovirus
30
Characteristics of rabies
- negri bodies in brain
- hydrophobia
- bullet shaped under microscope
31
MC cause of Reyes Syndrome
Influenza
32
What disease has a negative reaction to aspirin?
Reyes Syndrome
33
Reyes Syndrome can cause
Fatty liver & encephalopathy
34
What occurs to RNA in AIDS?
Reverse transcriptase (RNA -> DNA)
35
What cells are affected in AIDS and what cell destroys them?
CD4 cells; T-Helper cells destroy them
36
#1 fungal infection in AIDS pt’s:
Pneumocystis Carinii
37
#1 cause of death in AIDS pt’s
Pneumocystis Carinii fungal infection
38
#1 parasitic/protozoal infection in AIDS pt’s
Toxoplasmosis
39
Toxoplasmosis is spread by
cat feces
40
#1 death by cancer in AIDS pt’s:
Kaposi Sarcoma
41
The complication of Giardia Lamblia in AIDS pt’s causes
mucousy diarrhea
42
What disease only replicates in the presence of Hep B?
Hep D
43
What types of hepatitis are you a carrier for life?
B, C & D
44
Side effect (Sequelae) of Hep A
None
45
Side effect (Sequelae) of Hep B, C & D
Liver Cancer
46
Does Hep A, B, C & D have RNA or DNA?
Hep B is the only that has DNA all others have RNA
47
What form of Hepatitid has the best & worst diagnosis?
Best: A
Worst: C
48
What are the 5 major Arboviruses?
1) Eastern Equine Encephalitis
2) Western Equine Encephalitis
3) St. Loius Encephalitis
4) Yellow fever
5) Dengue Fever
49
What bacteria is present in the bubonic plague
Yersinia Pestis aka Pasteurella pestis
50
The term Bubos in the bubonic plague means:
neck & axillary lymph node enlargement
51
Death by asphyxition is a characteristic of…
Bubonic plague
52
Tuleremia is caused by what bacteria?
Francisella Tularensis
53
Tuleremia’s vector is
rabbits, maybe squirrels
54
What organism is present in Botulism?
Clostridium Botulinum
55
What organism is present in Campylobacter?
C. Jejuni
56
What organism is present in Listeria?
Listeria Monocytogenes
57
What organism is present in Salmonella?
Salmonella entrides
58
What organism is present in Staphylococcus?
Staph Aureus
59
What organism is present in Typhoid?
Salmonella Typhi
60
What foods cause Botulism?
GRAVIES & Meats
Home Canning
61
What foods cause Listeria
Deli meats & soft cheeses
62
What foods cause salmonella?
Eggs & Poultry
63
What foods cause Staphylococcus?
Creams & custardds
64
What foods cause Typhoid?
fecal contaminated food
65
What food poisoning mimics myasthenia gravis?
Botulism
66
Botulism prevents ____ release
AcH (floppy baby syndrome)
67
1st & 2nd symptoms of botulism:
1st: diplopia
2nd: death
68
What is the #1 cause of food poisoning & diarhhea?
Campylobacter (C. Jejeni)
69
Signs & Symptoms of Campylobacter
Abdominal pain & blood/pus in stool
Fever
70
Signs & Symptoms of Typhoid
Rose colored spots on abdomen
peyer’s patches on ileum
71
What test is used for Typhoid fever?
Widal test
72
What organism causes Cholera?
Vibrio Cholera
73
What organism causes Shigella
Shigella
74
What organism causes Travelers diarrhea
E. Coli
75
Contaminated water can cause (2)
Cholera & E. COli
76
Shigella is transmitted from
contaminated soil & water
77
Rice water stool are characteristic of
cholera
78
blood in the stool can be a sign of this water borne disease:
blood in stool aka: Bacillary/bacterial dysentery
Shigella
79
The Enterohemorrhagic form of E. Coli is ______ and can cause:
E. Coli OH157; Hamburger’s disease/Death
80
Food borne diseases (6)
1) Botulism
2) Campylobacter
3) Listeria
4) Salmonella
5) Staphylococcus
6) Typhoid
81
Water borne diseases (4)
1) Brucellosis
2) Cholera
3) Shigella
4) Traveler’s Diarrhea
82
Soil Borne diseases (4)
1) Anthrax
2) Tetanus
3) Shigella
4) Gas Gangrene
83
What organism causes Anthrax?
Bacillus Anthracis
84
What organism causes Tetanus?
Clostridium Tetani
85
What organism causes Gas Gangrene?
Clostridium Perfingins
86
AKA for Anthrax disease
Woolsorter’s disease
87
What causes Anthrax disease?
Inhaled spores from animal hides or woll making it zoonotic
88
What causes Lock jaw in Tetanus?
Inhibits GABA & Glycine
89
#1 & #2 causes of Otitis Media:
#1: Haemophilus Influenza
#2: Strep Pneumoniae
90
#1 & #2 causes of Otitis Externa aka swimmers ear
#1: E. Coli
#2: Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
91
Spirochete Diseases (2)
1) Lyme’s disease
2) Syphilis
92
What organism causes Lyme’s disease?
Borrelia Burgdorferi
93
Charcteristic of Lyme’s disease
Erythema Chronicum Migricans
(Bulls eye rash)
94
What organism causes Syphilis?
Treponema Pallidum
95
Characteristics of the following stage of Syphilis: Primary
hard painless chancre
96
Characteristics of the following stage of Syphilis: Secondary
- Condylomata lata (flat warts on vulva)
- maculopapular rash
97
Characteristics of the following stage of Syphilis: Latency
may or may not have symptoms
98
Characteristics of the following stage of Syphilis: Tertiary
- Neurosyphilis
- gummas
- argyll robertson pupil
- tabes dorsalis
99
How do bacteria replicate?
binary fission-asexual reproduction
100
What is the enzyme that acts on the bacteria B hemolytic strep?
Streptokinase
101
The enzyme Coagulase acts on
Bacterial Staph
102
The enzyme Hemolysin acts on
Bacterial Staph
103
The enzyme Leukocidin acts on
bacterial staph or strep
104
the enzyme Hyaluronidase acts on
bacterial Staph, Strep or Clostridia
105
Function of the enzyme streptokinase
dissolves clots to organisms can spread faster
106
Function of the enzyme Coagulase
Fibrin -> Fibrinogen (makes it thicker)
107
Function of the enzyme Leukocidin
Exotoxin that kills WBCs & phagocytes
108
Function of the enzyme Hyaluronidase
Breaks down tissue “cement” of hyaluronic acid
109
Mesophilics are killed by
fever
110
MC causes of meningitis in newborns
1st: E. COli
2nd:Listeria
111
What organism causes meningitis in adults?
Strep pneumoniae
112
List of protozoal infections (6)
1) Amebiasis
2) Giardiasis “beaver fever”
3) Kala-Azar “Leichmaniasis”
4) Malaria
5) Toxoplasmosis
6) Trypanosomiasis
113
What organism causes Amebiasis
Entamoeba Histolytica
114
What organism causes Giardiasis “beaver fever”?
Giardia Lamblia
115
What organism causes Kala-Azar
Leishmania Donovani
116
What organism causes Malaria
Plasmodium Vivax (MC) & Plasmodium Falciparum (Most fatal)
117
What organism causes Toxoplasmosis?
Toxopanosoma Gondii
118
What organism causes Trypanosomiasis
Trypanosoma Cruzi (Chaga’s disease) & Trypanosoma Gambiense (African sleeping sickness)
119
Kala-Azar is transmitted from
sand flies
120
Trypanosomiasis is transmitted from:
Kissing bug or Tsetse fly
121
Amebiasis is transmitted from
contaminated food or water
122
What is the infective form of Amebiasis?
Cyst
123
What is the infective form of Giardiasis?
Cyst
124
Amebiasis causes what symptoms?
dysentery, mild diarrhea
125
Giardiasis causes what symptoms?
Flatulance, poor absorption & Mucousy diarrhea
126
What protects against Malaria?
Sickle cell allele
127
What is the infective stage vs. the merozoite stage of Malaria?
Infective: Sporozoite (gets into blood)
Merozoite: where it propagates through the blood
128
When does Malaria become pathogenic?
in the Merozoite stage -> hemolytic anemia & Chronic splenomegaly
129
What is the most fatal form of Malaria?
Plasmodium Falciparum
130
What type of mosquito is responsible for carrying Malaria?
Anopheles mosquitoe
131
List of fungal infections (6)
1) Aspergillosis
2) Blastomycosis
3) Coccidiomycosis
4) Histoplasmosis
5) AIDS Pneumonia
6) Sporotrichosis
132
What organism causes Aspergillosis?
Aspergillus Fumigatus
133
What organism causes Blastomycosis?
Endemic fungus
134
What organism causes Coccidiomycosis?
endemic fungus
135
What organism causes histoplasmosis
endemic fungus
136
What organism causes AIDS pneumonia?
Pneumocystis Carinii
137
What organism causes Sporotrichosis?
Sporotherix schenckii
138
What disease is transmitted by nuts & grains?
Aspergillosis
139
What disease is transmitted by Eastern seaboard?
Blastomycosis
140
What disease is transmitted by the Deserrts of the Southwest?
Coccidiomycosis
141
What disease is transmitted by Michigan and Ohio Valleys?
Histoplasmosis
142
What disease is transmitted by Pigeon droppings?
AIDS Pneumonia
143
What disease is transmitted by Rosebush thorns, flowers?
Sporotrichosis
144
What disease is aka San Joaquin Valley Fever?
Coccidiomycosis
145
What does Histoplasmosis do to the body?
creates calcific lesions in the lungs
146
Who is at risk for Sporotrichosis?
Gardeners
147
What does Aspergillous do to the body?
creates fungus ball in lungs
can cause liver cancer
148
Tinea Barbae means
ringworm of beard
149
Tinea capitis means
ringworm of scalp
150
tinea corporis means
ringworm of body
151
tinea cruris means
ringworm of groin “jock itch”
152
tinea pedis means
ringworms of foot
153
inea unguinum means
ringworm of nail
154
tinea versicolor means
color change of surface of the skin
155
What organism causes Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever?
Rickettsia Rickettsii
156
Rocky mountain spotted fever is transmitted by
wood tick
157
Signs & symptoms of rocky moutain spotted fever:
rash on wrists & ankles
158
Q fever is caused by what organism?
Coxiella Burnetii
159
Coxiella Burnetii is ________ for Weil-Felix.
Negative
160
Coxiella burnetii (Q-Fever) is transmitted by
Milk
