PATHO LEC: ME MODULE 2

Question 1

This cellular adaptation is an increase in cell size due to increased workload or stimulation.

Answer 1

Hypertrophy

Question 2

This adaptation involves an increase in cell number due to increased demand or hormonal stimulation.

Answer 2

Hyperplasia

Question 3

A type of cellular adaptation where one differentiated cell type is replaced by another.

Answer 3

Metaplasia

Question 4

This occurs when a cell shrinks due to loss of cell substance.

Answer 4

Atrophy

Question 5

The accumulation of misfolded proteins in a cell leads to this type of cell death.

Answer 5

Apoptosis

Question 6

A type of cell death characterized by cell swelling, membrane rupture, and inflammation.

Answer 6

Necrosis

Question 7

This term describes the irreversible condensation of chromatin in a dying cell.

Answer 7

Pyknosis

Question 8

This process occurs when the nucleus fragments into smaller pieces in a necrotic cell.

Answer 8

Karyorrhexis

Question 9

This nuclear change in necrosis involves complete dissolution of the chromatin.

Answer 9

Karyolysis

Question 10

A type of necrosis commonly seen in hypoxic injury, particularly in the heart and kidneys.

Answer 10

Coagulative necrosis

Question 11

This necrosis occurs in the brain due to enzymatic digestion of dead tissue.

Answer 11

Liquefactive necrosis

Question 12

A form of necrosis associated with tuberculosis, giving tissue a cheese-like appearance.

Answer 12

Caseous necrosis

Question 13

This necrosis occurs in adipose tissue due to lipase activity.

Answer 13

Fat necrosis

Question 14

A type of necrosis associated with severe bacterial infections, often in the limbs.

Answer 14

Gangrenous necrosis

Question 15

This type of gangrene is characterized by bacterial infection and foul-smelling pus.

Answer 15

Wet gangrene

Question 16

A form of gangrene without bacterial infection, usually due to ischemia.

Answer 16

Dry gangrene

Question 17

This type of cellular adaptation occurs due to chronic irritation and leads to squamous tissue replacement.

Answer 17

Metaplasia

Question 18

The response of cells to injury that allows them to survive in a new environment.

Answer 18

Adaptation

Question 19

The process where injured cells swell due to failure of ion pumps.

Answer 19

Cellular swelling

Question 20

An adaptation seen in cells undergoing chronic injury, leading to excessive deposits of intracellular substances.

Answer 20

Intracellular accumulations

Question 21

This pigment accumulates in aging cells as a result of lipid peroxidation.

Answer 21

Lipofuscin

Question 22

This abnormal accumulation occurs due to excessive iron storage in tissues.

Answer 22

Hemosiderosis

Question 23

This adaptation describes an increase in cell size without cell division.

Answer 23

Hypertrophy

Question 24

An example of physiologic hypertrophy due to increased workload.

Answer 24

Cardiac hypertrophy in athletes

Question 25

An example of pathologic hypertrophy due to chronic stress.

Answer 25

Left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertension

Question 26

The adaptation where tissue growth ceases due to genetic control mechanisms.

Answer 26

Growth arrest

Question 27

This condition results from chronic cell injury and leads to fibrosis in tissues.

Answer 27

Pathologic adaptation

Question 28

A cellular response to injury that leads to the formation of new blood vessels.

Answer 28

Angiogenesis