PATHO LEC: MOD 4

Question 1

This term defines the vascular and cellular response of living tissue to injury.

Answer 1

Inflammation

Question 2

The primary identifying feature of inflammation.

Answer 2

Reaction of blood vessels

Question 3

The process by which lost or destroyed cells are replaced by vital cells.

Answer 3

Repair

Question 4

This ancient physician described the four cardinal signs of inflammation.

Answer 4

Cornelius Celsus

Question 5

The fifth cardinal sign of inflammation, added by Galen.

Answer 5

Loss of function

Question 6

The scientist who discovered phagocytosis and its role in inflammation.

Answer 6

Elie Metchnikoff

Question 7

The primary goal of the inflammatory response.

Answer 7

Destroy, dilute, or wall off injurious agents

Question 8

The suffix used to identify inflammation in an organ or tissue.

Answer 8

-itis

Question 9

The two primary outcomes of the repair process following injury.

Answer 9

Regeneration and scar formation

Question 10

The duration of acute inflammation.

Answer 10

Few minutes to 1-2 days

Question 11

The type of leukocyte predominantly involved in acute inflammation.

Answer 11

Neutrophils

Question 12

The intermediate stage of inflammation between acute and chronic.

Answer 12

Subacute inflammation

Question 13

This type of inflammation is of longer duration and involves lymphocytes and macrophages.

Answer 13

Chronic inflammation

Question 14

The scientist who revealed the vascular alterations in inflammation.

Answer 14

Julius Cohnheim

Question 15

This component of blood dilutes the effects of an irritant in inflammation.

Answer 15

Edematous fluid

Question 16

This protein acts as a physical barrier to confine an irritant in inflammation.

Answer 16

Fibrin

Question 17

This process involves neutrophils and macrophages engulfing harmful agents.

Answer 17

Phagocytosis

Question 18

The term for fluid and cellular debris associated with the inflammatory response.

Answer 18

Exudate

Question 19

A disease that arises suddenly and progresses rapidly.

Answer 19

Acute disease

Question 20

A disease that develops slowly and persists for a long time.

Answer 20

Chronic disease

Question 21

This phase of inflammation includes changes in vascular flow and caliber.

Answer 21

Hemodynamic changes

Question 22

The immediate response of arterioles following injury.

Answer 22

Transient vasoconstriction

Question 23

The primary and fundamental event in inflammation involving increased blood flow.

Answer 23

Vasodilation

Question 24

The process of increased blood flow to an injured area.

Answer 24

Active hyperemia

Question 25

The phase of inflammation where leukocytes line the endothelial walls.

Answer 25

Pavementing

Question 26

The active movement of leukocytes out of the blood vessels.

Answer 26

Emigration

Question 27

The passive movement of red blood cells through the vascular wall.

Answer 27

Diapedesis

Question 28

The term describing the outward movement of plasma fluid and leukocytes in inflammation.

Answer 28

Exudation

Question 29

The scientist who studied the chemotactic movement of leukocytes.

Answer 29

Elie Metchnikoff

Question 30

This term describes the slowing or stoppage of blood flow in inflammation.

Answer 30

Stasis

Question 31

This inflammatory mediator is released by mast cells and causes vasodilation.

Answer 31

Histamine

Question 32

The type of immune response that involves antibodies.

Answer 32

Humoral immunity

Question 33

This immune process involves the direct attack of pathogens by immune cells.

Answer 33

Cellular immunity

Question 34

The white blood cells responsible for long-term immune response in chronic inflammation.

Answer 34

Lymphocytes and macrophages

Question 35

The primary function of neutrophils in acute inflammation.

Answer 35

Phagocytosis of bacteria and debris

Question 36

This type of exudate is rich in fibrin and is seen in severe inflammation.

Answer 36

Fibrinous exudate

Question 37

This exudate is composed of dead neutrophils and forms pus.

Answer 37

Purulent exudate

Question 38

The term for inflammation primarily involving lymphocytes.

Answer 38

Lymphocytic inflammation

Question 39

The scientist who established the importance of chemical mediators in inflammation.

Answer 39

Julius Cohnheim

Question 40

This term describes the accumulation of blood due to gravity after death.

Answer 40

Hypostatic congestion

Question 41

The process in which the body's temperature equilibrates with the environment after death.

Answer 41

Algor mortis

Question 42

This postmortem event results in gas accumulation in tissues due to bacterial fermentation.

Answer 42

Postmortem emphysema

Question 43

The phase of inflammation where neutrophils migrate to the site of injury.

Answer 43

Leukocytic exudation

Question 44

A major chemical mediator of pain in inflammation.

Answer 44

Bradykinin

Question 45

The name of the process where leukocytes are attracted to a site of injury.

Answer 45

Chemotaxis

Question 46

This term describes increased permeability of blood vessels leading to swelling.

Answer 46

Vascular permeability changes

Question 47

The process by which phagocytes engulf and destroy foreign particles.

Answer 47

Phagocytosis

Question 48

The scientist who identified the role of neutrophils in bacterial destruction.

Answer 48

Elie Metchnikoff