Flashcards in Pathogenesis of HIV and major STIs Deck (49)
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1
What is the difference between STI and STD?
Both transmitted through sexual contact
Disease = evidence of disease symptoms (infection could be asymptomatic!)
2
What are genital infectious disease?
Disease not necessarily acquired by sexual contact but act can precipitate it
Examples inc commensal vaginal flora/GI flora
3
What are the main bacteria associated with STIs?
N gonorrhoea
Chlamydia trachomatis
Ureaplasma
Mycoplasma
T pallidum - syphillis
4
What does phthirus pubis cause?
Crabs
5
What does sarcoptes scabiei cause?
Scabies
6
What are the predominant sites of infection/disease?
Local e.g. T vaginalis, C trochomatis, HSV, HPV, N gonorrhoeae
Mixed - syphillis
Other sites - HIV, Hep B
7
Other than sexual contact i.e. M-F, oral, M-M, F-F; how else can STIs be spread?
Vertical transmission - mother to baby
e.g. conjunctivitis/keratinits
8
What is the risk of infection/acquisition mainly related to?
Number of sexual partners (without barriers/contraception)
9
What type of bacteria is Neisseria gonorrhoea?
-Gram negative, -Diplococcus (looks like a pair of hairy balls) "clap"
10
What are the characteristics of N gonorrhoeae?
-Intracellular pathogen - pathocytosed and multiplies intracellularly
- Pili on surface - attaches to surface mucosal membranes (mainly cuboidal/columnar epithelium)
- Cell envelope
11
Where can gonorrhoea infect/effect?
Genital urethral tract
Rectum
Pharynx
12
How does gonorrhoea present?
Majority of women = asymptomatic
Urethral discharge
Dysuria
13
What are the complications of gonorrhoea (local and distant)?
-Epididymitis
-Prostatitis
-Pelvic inflammatory disease
-Fitz-Hugh curtis syndrome (perihepititis)
-Disseminated gonococcal infection - causes arthritis, meningitis
14
What can N gonorrhoea cause in pregnancy?
-Spontaneous abortion,
-premature labour,
-conjunctivitis (ophthalmia neonatorum - blindness if not treated!!)
15
How is gonorrhoea diagnosed?
-Urethral swab
-Culture
-Nucleic acid amplification test e.g. PCR
16
What is the treatment for gonorrhoea?
Cephlasporins eg. cefixime (oral), ceftriaxone (IV)
Azithromycin
17
What is the cause for non-gonococcal urethritis? (NGU)
Chlamydia
Ureaplasma urealyticum
18
What type of bacterium is chlamydia trachomatis? In what two forms does it exist?
Obligate intracellular pathogen
Extracellular infective - elementary body
Intracellular replicative - reticular body
19
What cells does chlamydia trachomatis target?
Squamocolumnar epithelium
Females - cervix, upper genital tract
Males/females - urethra, rectum, conjunctiva
20
How does chlaymdia infection present?
Osten asymptomatic (females more)
Urethritis
Cervicitis - strawberry cervix
Dysuria/frequency (painful, burning pee!)
21
What are the complications of chlamydia?
-Pelvic inflammatory disease - cause of infertility
-Conjunctivitis
-Epididymitis
-Tubal infertility
-Infant pneumonia
22
How is chlamydia diagnosed?
NAAT (i.e. PCR)
23
What is the treatment for chlamydia?
Azithromycin
Doxycycline
24
What is the main cause of genital warts?
HPV 6 and 11
(HP 16 and 18 = cervical cancer)
25
What is the treatment for genital warts?
Cervarix (16, 18)
Gardasil (HPV 6, 11, 16, 18)
- burn/freeze/cut
26
What type of virus is the herpes simplex virus> Which one (type 1 or 2) causes genital herpes>
Double stranded DNA
Type 2 - genital hypes
27
What are the classical symptoms of genital herpes?
Pain
Itching
Dysuria
Vaginal/urethral discharge
Vesicles/ulcers - shedding (Spread)
CAN REACTIVATE
28
What is the treatment for genital herpes?
Acyclovir
29
What is the complications of Herpes?
Meningitis
Encephalitis
30
