Peripheral nervous system

Question 1

Do neurons replicate?

Answer 1

No

Question 2

What is the center of integration?

Answer 2

The brain

Question 3

What does the PNS consist of?

Answer 3

Nerves
Ganglia

Question 4

What are ganglia?

Answer 4

Aggregated of neurons located along the pathway of the PNS
(cluster of cell bodies of neurons)

Question 5

What are axons packed into nerves based on?

Answer 5

Topographical distribution (PNS)
Their function (CNS)

Question 6

Are receptors innervated?

Answer 6

Yes as they change energy into a nerve signal

Question 7

What are the nerves that bring the signal from the PNS to the CNS?

Answer 7

Afferent/sensitive

Question 8

What are the nerves that bring the signal from the CNS to the PNS?

Answer 8

Efferent/effector

Question 9

What kind of nerves are most of our nerves?

Answer 9

Mixed

Question 10

What are mixed nerves?

Answer 10

Nerves that contain both sensitive and motor fibers (both afferent and efferent)

Question 11

Can nerves have multiple branches?

Answer 11

Yes they can have many “exists” and therefor bring neurons to many points

Question 12

In resting neuron what happens to sodium?

Answer 12

It is actively pumped out the cell by the sodium potassium pump

Question 13

What gives the neuron the resting potential of -70?

Answer 13

The active pumping by the sodium potassium pump of the sodium from inside to outside the cell

Question 14

Is the membrane of a neuron permeable to ions?

Answer 14

No

Question 15

Are the sodium channels open or closed when the neuron is at rest?

Answer 15

Closed

Question 16

What happens when a neuron is stimulated?

Answer 16

Sodium channels are opened and sodium rushes inside the neuron

Question 17

What is the average of the max action potential/spike

Answer 17

+40mV

Question 18

What happens when the action potential is propagated and reaches the terminal?

Answer 18

Calcium channels are opened and the signal is transmitted between neurons and neurons or effector cells by neurontransmitters being released into the synapses

Question 19

How do vesicles know when they are at the presynaptic part of the membrane?

Answer 19

They roll along the membrane until they reach the pre-synaptic part which has internal receptors that signal to begin exocytosis

Question 20

Is axonal trafficking regulated?

Answer 20

Yes highly

Question 21

2 types of neurotransmitters

Answer 21

Excitatory
Inhibitory

Question 22

2 types of nerves in the PNS (dependant on origin)

Answer 22

Spinal nerves
Cranial nerves

Question 23

How many pairs of cranial nerves do we have?

Answer 23

12

Question 24

How many pairs of spinal nerves do we have?

Answer 24

31

Question 25

2 functional components of the PNS

Answer 25

Somatic nervous system Autonomic (visceral) nervous system

Question 26

Which part of the PNS can we control?

Answer 26

The somatic nervous system

Question 27

Parts of the autonomic nervous system

Answer 27

Sympathetic Parasympathetic (Enteric)

Question 28

Names of the 3 layers of the meninges

Answer 28

Dura Arachoid Pia

Question 29

How many roots does each spinal nerve originate with?

Answer 29

2 Anterior Posterior

Question 30

Where does the fusing of the 2 root of the spinal nerve take place?

Answer 30

Right before the intervertebral foramen

Question 31

How many of the spinal nerves are mixed?

Answer 31

All of them (no exceptions)

Question 32

Why do the spinal nerves have 2 roots?

Answer 32

Because they are mixed nerves and the motor and sensory have different origins in the spinal chord

Question 33

Which fibers belong to the posterior root?

Answer 33

Sensory

Question 34

Which fibers belong to the anterior root?

Answer 34

Motor

Question 35

How many pairs of cervical nerves?

Answer 35

8

Question 36

How many pairs of thoracic nerves?

Answer 36

12

Question 37

How many pairs of lumbar nerves?

Answer 37

5

Question 38

How many pairs of sacral nerves?

Answer 38

5

Question 39

How many pairs of coccigeal nerves?

Answer 39

1

Question 40

How are the spinal nerve pairs named?

Answer 40

Like vertebrae ex: C1 or S5

Question 41

Why are there 1 more cervical nerve pair than vertebrae?

Answer 41

Because the first originates above the first vertebrae

Question 42

What is the collective name for the nerves travelling through the vertebral canal below the spinal chord?

Answer 42

Cauda equina

Question 43

Where are the cell bodies of sensory neurons contained?

Answer 43

Not in spinal chord but in ganglion located along the dorsal roots of spinal nerves

Question 44

Where are the ganglion located?

Answer 44

Along the dorsal (posterior) roots of the spinal nerves

Question 45

Where does the cervical plexus go through?

Answer 45

C1-C5 (part)

Question 46

Where does the brachial plexus go through?

Answer 46

C5(part)-T1(part)

Question 47

Where does the Lumbar plexus go through?

Answer 47

L1-L4 (part)

Question 48

Where does the cervical sacral/pudendal go through?

Answer 48

L4 (part) -S5

Question 49

2 types of branches of the cervical plexus

Answer 49

Cutaneous and muscular

Question 50

Name of the 4 cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus

Answer 50

Lesser occipital nerve Greater auricular nerve Transverse cervical nerve Supraclavicular nerve

Question 51

3 muscular nerves of the cervical plexus

Answer 51

Ansa cervicalis Phrenic Segmental branches

Question 52

Where is the nasa cervicalis found in relation to the jugular vein?

Answer 52

External

Question 53

Which kind of fibers does the phrenic nerve mainly consist of? (despite being mixed)

Answer 53

Motor nerves

Question 54

Do intercostal nerve in the thorax form plexuses?

Answer 54

No

Question 55

What does the sciatic nerve branch into?

Answer 55

Tibial nerve Common fibular nerve

Question 56

What does the lumbosacral trunk participate to the formation of?

Answer 56

The sciatic nerve

Question 57

What kind of nerve is the obturator nerve mainly?

Answer 57

Motor But sensory for small part of the inner thigh

Question 58

What kind of nerve is the femoral nerve mainly?

Answer 58

Motor

Question 59

What is the most important muscle the femoral nerve innervates?

Answer 59

Quadriceps femoris

Question 60

Where does the inferior gluteal nerve run in relations to the piriform?

Answer 60

In 87% of people anteriorly

Question 61

Do the 2 components of the sciatic nerve exchange fibres?

Answer 61

No

Question 62

What do the sensory fibers of the pudendal nerve innervate?

Answer 62

The genitals

Question 63

What do the motor fibers of the pudendal innervate?

Answer 63

Peritoneal muscles

Question 64

Which is the major terminal branch of the sciatic nerve?

Answer 64

Tibial nerve

Question 65

Why is the phrenic nerve important for breathing?

Answer 65

Because it provides exclusive motor vitriol of the diaphragm

Question 66

What is the phrenic nerve supplied by?

Answer 66

C4 primarily C3 and C5 contributes

Question 67

Which plexus is the phrenic nerve a part of?

Answer 67

None but it receives contributions from nerve roots of the cervical and branchial plexus

Question 68

Which nerves in the brachial plexus makes up the posterior cord?

Answer 68

WHThe Radial nerve and axillary nerve

Question 69

Which is the biggest nerve of the brachial plexus?

Answer 69

Radial nerve (terminal branch of the posterior cord)

Question 70

What nerve controls abduction one the arm?

Answer 70

Axillary nerve

Question 71

Which nerve is an extensor of the upper limb?

Answer 71

The radial nerve

Question 72

What movement does the muscle-cutaneous nerve contribute to?

Answer 72

Arm and forearm flexion

Question 73

Where does the median nerve terminate?

Answer 73

In the hand

Question 74

What movements does the median nerve contribute to?

Answer 74

Flexing and pronation

Question 75

Which nerve passes in the carpal tunnel?

Answer 75

The median nerve

Question 76

Which is the major terminal branch of the medial cord?

Answer 76

Ulnar nerve

Question 77

What nerve controls flexion of the hand?

Answer 77

The ulnar nerve

Question 78

Which nerve runs within the poses major muscle?

Answer 78

Genitofemoral nerve

Question 79

Which nerve controls abduction of the lower limb?

Answer 79

Iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves

Question 80

Which nerve controls adduction of the lower limb?

Answer 80

Obturator nerve

Question 81

Which nerve controls hip flexion and leg extention?

Answer 81

Femoral nerve

Question 82

Which devision of the sciatic nerve is the fibular nerve formed by?

Answer 82

The posterior

Question 83

Which devision of the sciatic nerve is the tibial nerve formed by?

Answer 83

The anterior

Question 84

Where does the sciatic nerve cross?

Answer 84

The greater ischiadic foramen

Question 85

What is the major terminal branch of the sacral plexus?

Answer 85

The sciatic nerve

Question 86

Different name for fibular nerve

Answer 86

Common peroneal nerve (CPN)

Question 87

Which is the major terminal branch of the sciatic nerve?

Answer 87

The tibial nerve

Question 88

Which nerve controls abduction (walking) in the lower limb?

Answer 88

Superior gluteal

Question 89

Which nerve controls extension (climbing stairs) in the lower limb?

Answer 89

Inferior gluteal

Question 90

Which nerve controls hip extension and knee flexion in the lower limb?

Answer 90

Sciatic nerve

Question 91

What movement does the tibial nerve control?

Answer 91

Flexion of foot and fingers (toes)

Question 92

What movement does the fibular nerve control?

Answer 92

Superficial: External foot rotation (pronation) Deep: extension of foot and fingers (toes)