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Anatomy > Peritoneal Cavity, Stomach, And Spleen > Flashcards

Peritoneal Cavity, Stomach, And Spleen Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

Abdominopelvic cavity

A

. Abdominal cavity plus pelvic cavity
. Entire space bounded by muscular abdominal wall, diaphragm, and pelvic diaphragm
. Extraperitoneal fat, all abdominal and pelvic viscera, peritoneum, and peritoneal cavity inside it

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2
Q

Peritoneal cavity

A

. Space btw parietal and visceral peritoneum ( thin film watery liquid inside it)
. Space inside peritoneal sac

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3
Q

Parietal peritoneum

A

. Strong, bonded to body wall
. Includes Diaphragmatic peritoneum on inf. Side of diaphragm
. somatic innervation from ventral rami

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4
Q

Visceral peritoneum

A

. Less strong
. Bonded to various viscera (tunica serosa)
. Not sensitive to somatic sensations

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5
Q

Peritoneal cavity allows intraperitoneal viscera to ____

A

Move, change shape and volume freely

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6
Q

As cites

A

. Abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in peritoneal cavity
. Occurs in heart, kidney, and liver failure

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7
Q

Peritonitis

A

. Causes by bacterial infection of peritoneal cavity

. Results in adhesions that cause tanking and necrosis of intestines

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8
Q

Mesentery

A

. Sheet of tissue that suspends structures
. Double layer of peritoneum that begins as extension of visceral peritoneum
. Connects organ to body wall
. Conveys vessels, nerves, and lymph
. Fatty CT btw double layers
. Allows movement of viscera w/o tangling or blocked blood supply
. Include peritoneal ligaments and omenta

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9
Q

Intraperitoneal viscera

A

. Have mesentery
. Not enclosed in mesentery, visceral peritoneal covering is not part of mesentery but is continuous w/ mesenteric peritoneal layers

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10
Q

Extraperitoneal structures

A

. Organ external to peritoneum from viewpoint inside peritoneal cavity

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11
Q

Secondarily retroperitoneal structures

A

. had mesentery at one time but lost it by fusing to abdominal wall and having peritoneum degenerate
. Tunica serosa stuck to paternal peritoneum then both disappeared leaving bare area
. One layer of mesenteric peritoneum stuck to parietal peritoneum and both disappeared leaving single layer of mesenteric peritoneum

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12
Q

Secondarily retroperitoneal viscera

A

. Duodenum (except 1st part)
. Pancreas
. Cecum
. Ascending and descending colon

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13
Q

Primarily retroperitoneal structures

A

. Never had mesentery
. External to parietal peritoneum
. Kidney, ureters, suprarenal glands, abdominal aorta, IVC, urinary bladder, prostate, vagina, rectum

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14
Q

Greater omentum

A

. Gastrophrenic ligament: stomach to diaphragm
. Gastrosplenic (gastro-lienal) ligament: stomach to spleen
. Gastrocolic ligament: stomach to transverse colon
. Omental apron: free flap drooping inf. To transverse colon, often considered part of gastrocolic ligament

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15
Q

Lesser omentum

A

. From liver to lesser curvature of stomach and 1st part of duodenum
. Hepatogastric ligaments
. Hepatoduodenal ligament: contains portal triad

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16
Q

Splenorenal (lieno-renal) ligament

A

. Stomach ligament

. Spleen to parietal peritoneum over left kidney

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17
Q

Subdivisions of peritoneal cavity

A

. Lesser peritoneal sac
. Greater peritoneal sac
. Omental foramen

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18
Q

Lesser peritoneal sac (omental bursa)

A

. Bounded ant. By lesser omentum, stomach, and greater omentum

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19
Q

Greater peritoneal ac

A

. Rest of peritonal cavity

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20
Q

Omental (epiploic) foramen

A

. Also called foramen of Winslow
. Only communication btw greater and lesser sacs
. Bounded by heptoduodenal ligament ant., IVC covered by parietal peritoneum post., liver sup., first part of duodenum inf.

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21
Q

Celiac artery/trunk

A

. Supplies embryological abdominal foregut (spleen, stomach, duodenum, liver, gall bladder and pancreas)
. From abdominal aorta at T12/L1
. Retroperitoneal
. 1-2 cm long
. Passes sup. To upper margin of pancreas

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22
Q

Branches of celiac a.

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A

. Common hepatic a.
. Splenic a.
. Left gastric a.

23
Q

Common hepatic a. Branches

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A

. Proper and gastroduodenal aa.
. Proper branches into R gastric a. And R and L hepatic aa. (Cystic a. Branches from R hepatic a.)
. Gastroduodenal branches into R gastroepiploic, sup. Pancreaticoduodenal, and superduodenal aa.

24
Q

Splenic a. Branches

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A

Pancreatic aa.
Short gastric aa.
Left gastroepiploic a.

25
Left gastric a. Branch
Esophageal a.
26
T/F there is a celiac v.
F, all drainage to hepatic portal vein then go to liver, hepatic vv., to IVC
27
Branches of hepatic portal v.
. Sup. And inf. Mesenteric vv. | . Splenic v.
28
Spleen
. Largest lymph organ . Soft and purplish . Sharp ant. And sup. Notched borders w/ rounded inf. And post. Borders . Hilus for entrance and exit of blood
29
Spleen functions
. Blood filtration and storage . Hematopoiesis during fetal development . Lymphopoiesis
30
Anatomical relations of spleen
``` . Ant: stomach . Post: L kidney ad part of diaphragm . Inf: L colic flexure and phrenicocolic ligament . Lat: diaphragm . Med: tail of pancreas and L kidney . Lies deep to ribs 9-11 . Doesn’t extend below costal margin ```
31
Ligaments of spleen
. Gastrosplenic (gastrolienal) . Splenorenal . Arteries found in these
32
Spleen innervation
. Post-ganglionic sympathetic nn. From celiac plexus to blood vessels . Vasomotor
33
Spleen blood supply
Splenic a.
34
Spleen rupture
. Easy w/ blow to left upper quadrant because of thin capsule . May need to be removed . Remember close relationship to pancreas tail to spleen hilus during removal
35
Accessory spleens
. In 10% of people . 1 cm in diameter . In hilus, tail of pancreas, gastrosplenic ligment . Need to look for them is removing spleen because of splenic anemia
36
Esophagus
. 23-25 cm long (1.5-2.5 cm in abdominal cavity . Enters stomach through diaphragmatic opening (esophageal hiatus) that has physiological sphincter . Enters stomach in cardiac region at cardiac orifice . Lower esophageal sphincter surrounds cardiac orifice (damage can cause GERD)
37
Stomach curvatures
. Lesser: right side, concave, blends w/ esophagus, attachment to lesser omentum . Greater: left side, convex, junction w/ esophagus via cardiac notch, 4-5x longer than lesser, atttached to ant. Layer of greater omentum
38
Stomach areas
. Cardia: around cardiac orifice . Fundus: bulge sup. To horizontal line drawn to left from cardiac notch, rests against left dome of diaphragm, filled w/ gas on X-ray . Body (corpus): largest area, below cardia and fundus to vertical line dropped from angular incisure . Pyloric: below angular incisure line, pyloric antrum (wider area next to body), canal (narrower region leading to pyloric sphincter)
39
. Pyloric sphincter
. Junctionof stomach and duodenum . Anatomical: actual thickening of muscle inf ut wall . Controls rate of stomach emptying . Constantly in tonic contraction unless emitting stomach contents
40
Rugae
Gross folds of mucosa in stomach
41
Shape of stomach varies according to __
. Stature . State of digestion (lower when full) . Body position (higher supine, 1-16 cm lower when upright)
42
Stomach functions
. Distension, holds 2-3 L, blender and reservoir . Food enters as bolus, mixes w/ enzymes to form chyme . Gastric peristalsis moves chyme to intestine . Empties 2-3 hrs after eating
43
Hiatal hernia
. Herniation of fundus of stomach trough esophageal hiatus into thorax
44
Stomach anatomical relations
. Ant: diaphragm, liver, ant. Abdominal wall . Post: stomach bed(diaphragm, spleen, kidney, adrenal, pancreas, transverse mesocyclone) . Cardiac orifice post. To 7th left costal cartilage 2-4 cm from midline . Highest point in fundus post. To 5th left rib in midclavicular line . Pyloric at level of transpyloric line through lower L1 body (L1-3 when supine, L2-4 when erect)
45
Stomach sympathetic preganglionic innervation
. From T5-9, coalesces to form greater splanchnic n. | . Synapse in celiac ganglion
46
Stomach sympathetic postganglionic innervation
. Fibers carried on branches of celiac a. | . Dec. motility and secretion, vasoconstriction, stimulates pyloric sphincter to stay closed
47
Stomach sympathetic sensory afferent
. Carried back to CNS in greater splanchnic n. . Senses pain and violent contraction . Referred to epigastric region
48
Stomach parasympathetic innervation
. Preganglionic: L/R vagus nn., enters as ant. And post. Vagal trunks tat synapse on wall of stomach in myenteric or submucosal ganglia . Postganglionic: shooter w/in stomach wall, inc. motility, secretion, vasodilator, inhibits tonic contraction of pyloric sphincter
49
Stomach blood supply to lesser curvature
. R gastric a. 9branch of proper hepatic a.) | . L gastric a. (Branch of celiac a.)
50
Stomach blood supply to greater curvature
. R gastroepiploic a. (Branch of gastroduodenal) . L gastroepiploic a. (Branch of splenic a.) . Short gastric aa. (Branches of splenic a.)
51
Stomach venous drainage
. L/R gastric vv. Drain lesser curvature which go into hepatic portal v. . Prepyloric v. Ascends over pyloric to R gastric v. . Short gastric, L/R gastroepiploic vv. Drain greater curvature . R gastroepiploic v. Drains to sup. Mesenteric v. . L gastroepiploic and short gastric vv. Drain into splenic v.
52
Stomach lymph drainage
. Follows arterial pattern | . Abundant along greater and lesser curvatures
53
Vein of Mayo
. Area of pyloric sphincter | . Surgical landmark
54
Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
. Enlargement of pyloric sphincter in infants

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