Pharnx And Prevertebral Muscles Flashcards
(42 cards)
General characteristics of pharynx
. Connects oral and nasal cavities to esophagus and larynx
. Wide sup. And tapers inf.
. Has its own complete walls post. And lat., but its ant. Wall is incomplete and is largely formed by back of tongue and larynx
. Separated from prevertebral mm. By lost CT, the retropharyngeal (retrovisceral) space
Layers of pharyngeal wall
. External fibrous layer: buccopharyngeal fascia, extends onto outer surface of buccinator, inf. Continuous w/ pretracheal fascia
. Outer layer of voluntary mm. Circular in orientation (3 pharyngeal constrictors)
. Inner layer voluntary m. Longitudinal in orientation (stylopharyngeus and palatopharyngeus mm.)
. Internal fibrous layer (pharyngobasiliar fascia strongest sup. To suspend pharynx from skull)
. Mucosa w/ mucous glands and lymphoid tissue in lamina propria (tonsils)
Nasopharynx
. Post. To nasal cavities
. Choanae open into ant. Part
. Auditory tubes open into lat. wall, salpingopharyngeal fold runs inf. To tube
. Pharyngeal recess: narrow space in lat. wall post. To opening of the tube
. Roof of nasopharynx is mucosa inf. To base of skull
. Soft palate separates nasopharynx from oropharynx
Torus tubarius
. Bulge over cartilage of tube
Pharyngeal isthmus
Communication btw these parts of the pharynx, post. To soft palate
Pharyngeal (nasopharyngeal) tonsil
. Sup. Region of post. Wall of nasopharynx
. Enlargement = adenoids
. Adenoids may block auditory tube resulting in hearing impairment
. Adenoids may also obstruct choanae or pharyngeal isthmus resulting in mouth breathing and abnormal voice
Oropharynx
. Post. To oral cavity
. Connects oral cavity to oropharyngeal isthmus btw palatoglossal folds (arches)
. Faucial isthmus is deeper passageway including the oropharyngeal isthmus and extending the palatopharyngeal folds
. Base of tongue forms ant. Wall of oropharynx
Lingual tonsil
. Covers post. Part of tongue
Palatine tonsil
. On lat. walls in tonsillar fossa (space btw palatglossal and palatopharyngeal folds)
. Much of tonsil is hidden from view
. Exposed surface on tonsil has tonsillar crypt
. Instinct from supratonsillar fossa btw tonsil and semilunar fold crossing its upper portion
Valleculae
. Depressions btw tongue and epiglottis
. Swallowed objects can end up here
Laryngopharnyx
. Post. Aspect of larynx forms ant. Wall
. Communicates w/ inlet of larynx ant. And esophagus inf.
Piriformis recess
.lat. to cricoid cartilage of larynx
. Another place where swallowed items can get stuck
Superior pharyngeal constrictor
. Ant attachments to edge of pterygoid plate and pterygomandibular raphe, area of attachment shared w/ buccinator
. Post attachments: med. pharyngeal raphe and pharyngeal tubercle on occipital bone
Pterygomandibular raphe
. Band of fibrous tissue running from pterygoid hamulus to body of mandible
Middle pharyngeal constrictor
. Ant. Attachment: stylohyoid ligament and horns of hyoid bone
. Post. Atttachment: med. pharyngeal raphe
. Overlaps sup. Constrictor
Inferior pharyngeal constrictor
. Ant. Attachment: thyroid and cricoid cartilages of larynx
. Post. Attachment: med. pharyngeal raphe
. Overlaps middle constrictor
. Fibers fan out post.
. Constricts and shortens (elevates) pharynx
. Inf. Portion grades into circular (deep) layer of muscle of esophagus
. Acts as sphincter preventing air from being inhaled into esophagus
. Must relax during swallowing or a pulse on diverticulum will occur
Stylopharyngeus OIAN
O: styloid process of temporal bone
I: thyroid cartilage and inner wall of laryngopharynx
. Passes btw sup. And middle constrictors to reach inner aspect of pharyngeal wall
A: Shortens pharynx and elevates larynx
N:CN IX, only m. Innervated by this
Palatopharyngeus m. OIA
O: superior attachment, soft palate
I: inf. Attachment, thyroid cartilage and inner wall of laryngopharynx (same as stylopharyngeus)
A: elevates pharynx and larynx, depresses soft palate and narrows space btw palatopharyngeal folds
Velum
. Soft palate
. Includes uvula
. Very rich in mucous or seromucous glands on its inf. Aspect and remainder is muscle
. Attached to hard palate ant. Andgrades into walls of pharynx lat.
Palatoglossus m. OIA
O: soft palate
I: side of tongue
A: depresses soft palate, elevates tongue, narrow oropharyngeal osthmus to help create seal btw oral cavity and oral pharynx
Levator veli palatini m. OIAN
O: tip of petrous part of temporal bone near foramen lacerum
I: soft palate
A: elevates soft palate and draws it post.
. Main mechanism of closing pharyngeal isthmus during swallowing or when making certain speech sounds
. Assisted by sup. Part of sup. Constrictor in this
N: CN VII and CN X
Tensor veli palatini m. OIAN
O: scaphoid fossa of sphenoid and lat. membraneous wall of auditory tube
I: tendon uses the pterygoid hamulus as pulley turning med. around hamulus to reach soft palate to become palatine aponeurosis that arrached to post. Margin of hard palate and opposite half of palatine aponeurosis
A: at rest aponeurosis arches sup., when contracted, the aponeurosis is pulled taut and descends until it is horizontal
. Opens auditory tube during swallowing or yawning
N: CN V3
Innervation of all soft palate and pharyngeal mm. Except tensor veli palatini ant stylopharyngeus
. CN X
. Bulbar part of CN XI via pharyngeal, sup. Laryngeal, and recurrent laryngeal palatini
Sensory innervation of pharynx
. Soft palate and sup. Part of nasopharynx supplied by CN V2
. Rest of soft palate and nasopharynx plus oropharynx and part of laryngopharynx supplied by glossopharyngeal n.
. Laryngopharynx supplies by vagus n. That also supplies esophagus
