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Superficial Back Flashcards

(62 cards)

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1
Q

To produce an action at a joint a muscle must ___

A

Cross the joint

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2
Q

How do m uncle contractions produce movement

A

Pulling the movable attachment (insertion) toward the fixed attachment (origin)

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3
Q

The force a muscle exerts is proportional to _____

A

It’s physiological cross-section area

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4
Q

The muscle’s range of contraction is proportional to ____

A

The resting length of its fiber

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5
Q

How are muscle contractions classified?

A

Their effect on muscle fiber length and role in producing particular actions

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6
Q

Concentric contraction

A

. Active muscle’s fibers decrease in length

. Typical of agonist

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7
Q

Agonist

A

Muscle that functions to produce a desired action

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8
Q

Eccentric contraction

A

. Active muscle’s fibers increase in length
. Typical of antagonist
.Allow smooth, controlled movement and provide a brake during rapid or forceful movements

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9
Q

Antagonist

A

Muscle that produces the movement opposite to the agonist

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10
Q

Isometric contraction

A

. Active muscle’s fibers maintain length

. Typical of a fixator

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11
Q

Fixator

A

. Muscle that stabilizes or supports an element (usually fixed attachment) against the pull of the agonist

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12
Q

Synergistic contraction

A

. Muscle contraction tends to produce motion around all possible axes
. Neutralizers contraction prevents an undesired action
. Synergists contract in coordination to produce desired motions while neutralizing undesired motions

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13
Q

Nerve lesion

A

. Injury that innervates some, but not all of the muscles that produce a particular action that action is weakened
. If lesion enervates all muscles that produce action that action is lost

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14
Q

Neutral position

A

. Point of balance from which all motions characteristic of a joint may occur
. Involves minimal ligamentous tension and requires the least muscular effort to maintain

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15
Q

What contractions balance forces acting around a joint to maintain it in the desired neutral position?

A

Isometric (tonic) contractions of antagonistic muscle groups

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16
Q

Muscle imbalance

A

Some, but not all, muscles acting across a joint are weakened or paralyzed

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17
Q

Unopposed contraction of normal muscles produces _______

A

Stereotypical limb postures associated w/ different neuromuscular syndromes

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18
Q

Muscle contracture

A

Permanent deformity that happens when Unopposed muscles shorten

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19
Q

Pectoral girdle

A

Functional unit formed by the clavicle and scapula

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20
Q

What does the pectoral girdle articulate with?

A

. Axial skeleton at sternoclavicular (SC) joint

. only bony articulation between upper extremity and the axial skeleton

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21
Q

Elevation of pectoral girdle

A

. Moving pectoral girdle superiority (shrugging shoulders)

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22
Q

Elevation/depression plane and axis of movement in pectoral girdle

A

Coronal plane around the AP axis of the SC joint

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23
Q

Depression in pectoral girdle

A

Returning to neutral position (unshrugging)

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24
Q

Protraction/retraction plane and axis in pectoral girdle

A

Transverse plane around the vertical axis of SC joint

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25
Retraction in pectoral girdle
Drawing girdle posteriorly so medial scapular border approximates vertebral column
26
Protraction in pectoral girdle
Drawing girdle anteriorly as when rounding shoulders
27
Superior/ inferior rotation of scapula movement type and plane
Gliding movements of the acromioclavicular (AC) joint allow the scapula to rotate in a coronal plane
28
Superior rotation lateral rotation, abduction) of scapula
Glenoid fossa points superiority and the inf. Scapular angle rotates laterally
29
Inferior rotation (medial rotation, adduction) of scapula
Glenoid fossa points inferiorly and the inf. Angle rotates medially toward the vertebral column
30
DO pectoral glide movements occur in isolation?
NO
31
Glenohumoral joint
. Glenoid fossa of scapula and humeral head | . Highly mobile (add/abduction, flex/extension, and med./lateral rotation)
32
Scapulohumeral rhythm
Coordinated movements of pectoral girdle and glenohumoral joint required for full range of motion of the shoulder
33
What movements in the pectoral girdle are paired with the glenohumoral joint?
. Flexion of arm above the shoulder requires protraction and fixation of scapula . Abduction of arm over 180 degrees requires sup. Rotation and fixation of scapula
34
How are back muscles divided into groups?
based on embryonic origin, innervation, and function
35
Intrinsic (deep) back muscles Are derived from ____
Embryonic dorsal muscle mass
36
What are intrinsic back muscles innervated by?
Dorsal primary rami
37
Blood supply to intrinsic back muscles
Dorsal branches of segmental arteries
38
Intrinsic back muscles functions
Movement of trunk and head and maintain posture
39
Extrinsic (superficial) back muscles derived from____
Embryonic ventral muscle mass
40
Extrinsic back muscle innervation and blood supply
. Blood supply branches of subclavian and axillary aa. | . Innervation from ventral primary rami
41
Extrinsic back muscle functions
Upper extremity movement and assist in respiration
42
Medial attachments of back muscles are ____, and the lateral attachment is ____
. Origins | . Insertions
43
Trapezius m. OIA
O: medial 3rd of sup. Nu Hal line, external occipital tuberance, ligamentum nuchae, T1-12 spinous process I: spine of scapula, acromion, lat. 3rd of clavicle A: elevates and retracts pectoral girdle, superiority rotates and stabilizes scapula
44
Trapezius m. Innervation (N) and blood supply (B)
N: motor -spinal accessory n. (CN XI) sensory- C3-4 ventral rami via cervical plexus (pain propioception) B: transverse cervical a.
45
What occurs when trapezius is denervated?
. Drooping of affected shoulder and lat. winging of scapula | . Ability to abduct the arm above shoulder level may be impaired
46
Latissimus Dorsi. M. OIA
O: T7-L5 spinous processes, thoracolumbar fascia, dorsal sacrum, iliac crest I: floor of intertubular sulcus of numerous A: extremes, adducts, and medially. Rotates humerus
47
Latissimus dorsi m. N and B
N: thoracodrosal n. B: thorsacodorsal a.
48
How does latissimus dorsi move when an upper extremity is fixed?
It forcefully pulls the torso anteriorly and superiorily
49
Rhomboid major OIA:
O: T2-5 spinous processes I: medial scapula border A: retracts and elevated pectoral girdle, inferiorly rotates scapula, stabilizes scapula
50
Rhomboid major N B
N: dorsal scapular nerve B: dorsal scapular a.
51
Rhomboid minor OIA:
O: C7-T1 spinous processes I: medial border of scapula sup. To rhomboid major A: retracts and elevates pectoral girdle, inf. Rotates and stabilizes scapula
52
Rhomboid minor NB
N: dorsal scapular nerve (C5) B: dorsal scapular a.
53
levator scapulae m OIA
O: slips from post. Tubercles of C1-4 transverse processes I: sup. Angle scapula A: elevated pectoral girdle, inf. Rotates scapula, extends and laterally flexes neck
54
Levator scapulae NB
N: dorsal scapular n. (C5) B: dorsal scapular a.
55
Intermediate back muscles
Serratus post. Sup. And post. Inf. Muscles
56
Serratus Superior posterior m. OIA
O: C7-T3 spinous processes I: sup. Borders of ribs 2-5 A: elevates ribs 2-5
57
Serratus posterior superior m. NB
N: segmentally by ventral primary rami (intercostal nerves) B: branches of posterior intercostal aa.
58
Serratus posterior inferior m. OIA
O: T11-L3 spinous process I: inf. Borders of ribs 9-12 A: depresses ribs 9-12
59
Serratus posterior inferior m. NB
N: segmentally by ventral primary rami (intercostal nn.) B: branches of posterior intercostal aa.
60
Transverse cervical a.
. From thyrocervical trunk off the subclavian a. . Courses post. In neck superficial to levator scapulae . Passes deep to trapezius giving ascending and descending branches that course with spinal accessory n. And C3-4 ventral rami
61
Dorsal scapular a.
. Branch of transverse cervical artery (50%) or direct branch of subclavian a. (50%) . Courses post. In neck deep to levator scapulae . Descends deep to rhomboid major and minor w/ dorsal scapular n.
62
Thoracodorsal a.
. From subscapular artery (branch of axillary a.) | . Courses with thoracodorsal n. Deep to latissimus dorsi entering near its humeral attachment

Anatomy (49 decks)

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