pharm 1 liner- star (not blue) Flashcards
(185 cards)
1
Q
non-selective beta blocker that lacks local anesthetic activity, indicated for glaucoma
A
timolol
2
Q
2 parameters to obtain before initiation of statins
A
LFTs, creatine kinase
3
Q
class 3 antiarrythmic that exhibits properties of all 4 classes
A
amiodarone
4
Q
anti epileptic drug used also for pain of neuropathic origin
A
gabapentin
5
Q
opioid safe for use of analgesia and anesthesia during cardiac surgery
A
fentanyl
6
Q
prostaglandin analog used as 2nd life for erectile dysfunction
A
alprostadil (PGE1)
7
Q
life-threatening side effect associated with typical antipsychotic drugs
A
neuroleptic malignant syndrome
8
Q
synthetic huuman corticotropin used for diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency
A
cosyntropin
9
Q
first line drug for treatment of type 2 diabetes
A
metformin
10
Q
side effect of alpha blockers
A
orthostatic hypotension (especially with first dose) and reflex tachycardia
11
Q
drug of choice for N. gonorrhea
A
ceftriaxone
12
Q
2 side effects of HMG COA reductase inhibitors
A
rhabdomyolysis and hepatotoxicity
13
Q
side effects of thiazide diuretics
A
hyperuricemia, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, hyperlipidemia, and hyperglycemia
14
Q
cheap wide spectrum antibiotic drug of choice for otitis media
A
amoxicillin
15
Q
active ingredient in tetrahydrocannabinol (THC); side effects include impairment of judgment, altered sense of time, increased appetite, and hallucinations
A
marijuana
16
Q
an electrolyte that is lost in the urine by acute treatment with loop diuretics but can be retained by thiazides
A
calcium
17
Q
antidote for opioid toxicity
A
naloxone (IV)
18
Q
agent used to stimulate uterine contraction and labor, milk letdowns, and control postpartum bleeding
A
oxytocin
19
Q
antarrtythmic effective in most topics of arrhythmia
A
amiodarone
20
Q
agent of choice for treatment of hypothyroidism
A
levothyroxine (T4)
21
Q
5HT-1D/1B agonist used for migraine headaches
A
sumatriptan and -triptans
22
Q
androgen receptor agonist used to treat hypogonadism and promote secondary sex characteristics
A
testosterone
23
Q
side effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors
A
dry cough, hyperkalemia, angioedema
24
Q
antineoplastic with G2 phase cell cycle selectivity
A
bleomycin
25
mechanism of action of sulfonamides
inhibit dihydropteroite synthase
26
side effects of loop diuretics
hyperurecemia, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis and ototoxicity
27
mechanism of a action of sildenafil
inhibits phosphodiesterase-5, enhancing effects of nitric oxide-activated increase in cGMP
28
drug used for MRSA
vancomycin
29
neurological abnormality caused by chronic alcohol use and thiamine deficiency
wernicke-korsakoff syndorme
30
side effects of acetazolamide
paresthesias, alkalization of urine, hypokalemia, metabolic acidosis, and encephalopathy in patients with hepatic impairment
31
anti epileptic drug that can induce CYP450, is teratogenic, and can cause diplopia, ataxia and blood dycrasias; follows first order kinetics of elimination
carbamazepine
32
calcium channel blockers with predominate effect on arteriole dilation
nifedipine, amlodipine, nimodipine (dihydropyridines)
33
drug of choice for herpes and its mechanism of action
acyclovir; activated by viral thymidine kinase, inhibits viral DNA replication
34
anti epileptic drug that can cause fatal hepatotoxicity and neural tube defects
valproic acid
35
mechanism of action of cromolyn
prevent mast cell degranulation (by blocking opening of Cl- channels)
36
synthetic ergot derivatie that can produce perceptual hallucinations and used as an illicit drug; may cause paranoia
LSD (lysergic acid diethyl amide)
37
life threatening cardiac event that prolong QT leads to
torsades de pointes
38
1st generation antihistamine that is highly sedating
diphenhydramine
39
2 main actions of acetaminophen
antipyretic and analgesic activity
40
three nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics that lack suppressive effect on REM and are preferred over benzodiazepines for treatment of insomnia
zolpidem, zaleplon, eszopiclone
41
time it takes for amount of drug to fall to half of its value, constant in first order kinetics
half life
42
DMARDs are slow acting drugs for this indication
rheumatic disease
43
side effect of stall
prolongs QT interval
44
intermediate acting insulin with variable pharmacokinetics; use is mostly replaced by long-acting insulin
neutral protamine hagedorn (NPH) insulin
45
side effects of calcium channel blockers
constipation, peripheral edema, cardiac depression, AV block
46
mechanism of action of fluroquinolones
inhibit DNA gyrate (topoisomerase II) and topoisomerase IV
47
side effects more commonly associated with high potency typical antipsychotic drugs
dystonia, akathisia, bradykinesia, tardive dyskinesia (extrapyramidal symptoms)
48
antidote for organophosphate/anticholinesterase poisoning
atropine, pralidoxime (2-PAM)
49
class of drugs that may cause cross sensitivity with thiazide diuretics
sulfonamides
50
drug of choice for absence seizures
ethosuximide
51
vitamin K dependent anti-coagulant with zero-order kinetics of elimination
warfarin (PT)
52
meningitis prophylaxis in exposed patients
rifampin
53
angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors are contraindicated in
pregnancy, hyperkalemia
54
H2 antagonist that causes the most interactions with other drugs
cimetidine
55
antidote for heparin toxicity
protamine sulfate
56
agent used for megaloblastic anemia (but does not refer neurologic symptoms) and decrease neural tube defects during pregnancy
folic acid
57
mechanism of action utilizes intracellular receptors
steroid and hormones
58
inhibits monoamine oxidase type B, used as a monotherpay for early or mild Parkinsons disease or adjunct to improve motor function in patients with fluctuations in clinical response
selegiline
59
most serious side effect of metformin
lactic acidosis
60
inhibitor of lipooxygenase
zileuton
61
drug of choice for RSV
ribavirin
62
prostaglandin analog used in pediatrics to maintain potency of ductus arteriosis
alprostadil (PGE1)
63
antidepressant that inhibits serotonin reuptake but also antagonizes 5HT-2 receptors; causes priapism
trazodone
64
used in treatment of muscarinic symptoms in organophosphate overdose
atropine
65
alpha 1a-selective blocker used for benign prostatic hyperplasia
tamsulosin
66
may be used intranasally to decreases bone resorption
calcitonin (salmon prep)
67
toxicity of cholinergic
DUMBELSS (diarrhea, urination, mitosis, bronchoconstriction, excitation of skeletal muscle and CNS, lacrimation, salivation, sweating)
68
produce mydriasis and cycloplegia
atropine, anti-muscarinics
69
antimuscarinic for the treatment of motion sickness
scopolamine
70
5HT-3 antagonist used for prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting
ondansetron and -setrons
71
treatments available for nicotine addiction
patch, gum, lozenge, bupropion, varenicline
72
limiting side effect of class 1a and 3 antiarrythmics
prolongs QT interval
73
inactivated by angiotensin converting enzyme, contributes to dry cough and angioedema
bradykinin
74
side effect of procainamide
systemic lupus-like syndrome
75
prostaglandin 2 alpha analog used to increase aqueous humor outflow
latanoprost
76
antidepressant that non-selectively inhibits neuronal reuptake; less likely to cause sedation, autonomic, cardiovascular or sexual dysfunction; also used for smoking cessation
bupropion
77
opioid that can be given PO, IV, IM and intrathecal to relieve anxiety associated with pulmonary edema
morphine
78
diuretic used as prophylactic for mountain sickness and glaucoma
acetazolamide
79
mechanism of action of opioids on analgesia
activate mu receptors to 1. close presynaptic calcium channels to inhibit neurotransmitter release; 2. open postsynaptic potassium channels to hyper polarize cell emmbrane
80
quadruple therapy for treatment of tuberculosis
rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol
81
mechanism of action of class 1 antiarrythmics
sodium channel blockers
82
agent used for pernicious anemia
cyanocobalamin (vitamine B12)
83
three main classes of CNS depressant drugs of abuse
alcohol, opioid, barbiturate/benzodiazepine
84
first line drug for classic bipolar disorder with euphoric mania
lithium
85
alpha 1 agonist toxicity
hypertension
86
atypical antipsychotic that can produce potentially fatal agranulocytosis and increase incidence of seizures
clozapine
87
beta blockers effect on the heart in abtianginal therapy
reduce heart rate, blood pressure, contractility, and increase end-diastolic volume
88
induces of CYP450
rifampin, phenobarbital, carbamazepine, phenytoin, St Johns wort
89
moderate opioid agonist
codeine, hydrocodone, and oxycodone
90
diuretic used to reduce intracranial pressure
mannitol
91
this class of drugs inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme
ACE inhibitors
92
2 date rape drugs that work through enhancement of GABA receptors in the brain
flunitrazepam, GHB
93
carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used to decrease aqueous humor production
acetazolamide
94
inhibitors of CYP450
macrocodes, ketoconazole, ritonavir, cimetidine, grapefruit juice, quinidine, amiodarone
95
methyldoa is contraindicated in
geriatrics due to its CNS (depression) effects
96
specific side effect of heparin
heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)
97
antimuscarinic that treats parkinsonism and extrapyramidal disease
benztropine
98
mechanism of action of statins
inhibits HMG COA reductase
99
side effects of lithium
tremor, hypothyroidism, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, fetal cardiac defects
100
alpha 2 agonist used in pregnant women with hypertension
methyldopa
101
drug of choice for giardia, entamoeba, pseudomembranous colitis (C. diff) and trichomonad
metronidazole
102
calcium channel blockers with predominant effect on the heart
verapamil, diltiazem (non-dihydropyridines)
103
anemia caused by trimethoprim
megaloblastic anemia
104
this agent has greater affinity for muscarinic receptors and used for postoperative and neurogenic ileum and urianry retention
bethanechol
105
mechanism of action utilizes transmembrane receptors that have intrinsic enzymatic activity
insulin, EGF, TGFbeta, PDGF, ANP
106
antidote for benzodiazepine toxicity
flumazenil
107
drug of choice for myoclonic seizures that may also be used for absence seizures
valproic acid
108
mechanism of action of class 3 antiarrythmics
potassium channel blockers
109
prostaglandins that cause abortions
prostaglandin E1 (misoprostol), PGE2, and PGF2alpha
110
side effects of phenytoin
gingival hyperplasia, nystagmus, diplopia and ataxia
111
indications for thrombolytics
pulmonary embolism, severe deep vein thrombosis
112
anti-bacterials that cause hemolysis in G6PD-deficient patients
sulfonamides
113
site of action of thiazide diuretics
early distal consulted tubule
114
antimuscarinic that causes bronchodilation in asthma and COPD
ipratropium, tiotropium
115
drug of choice for partial seizures
carbamazepine
116
common endocrine side effects of all typical antipsychotic drugs
hyperprolactinemia, galactorrhea,
117
its ability to vasoconstrictor and increased BP makes it useful as local decongestant and for the therapy of spinal shock (temporary maintenance of blood pressure)
alpha 1 agonists
118
agent used for anemias (especially with renal failure)
erythropoietin
119
three 2nd generation antihistamines
fexofenadine, loratadine, and cetirizine
120
common side effect of rifampin
orange urine discoloration
121
diuretic used to treat primary aldosteronism
spironolactone, eplerenone
122
antidote for tissue plasminogen activator (t-Pa), streptokinase
aminocaproic acid
123
NSAID that may be used for closure of patent ductus arteriosus
indomethacin
124
how grapefruit juice increases statin effect
inhibit CYP450 3A4
125
selective alpha 1 blocker used for hypertension, benign prostatic hyperplasia, may cause first dose orthostatic hypotension
prazosin, terazosin, doxasozin
126
max physiologic effect a drug is able produce
efficacy
127
antidote used for warfarin toxicity
vitamin K1 and fresh frozen plasma
128
anti-retroviral class that causes drug interactions by causing inhibition of CYP enzymes
protease inhibitors
129
tolerance to all effects of opioid agonists can develop except
mitosis, constipation
130
5HT-1A receptor partial agonist indicated for generalized anxiety disorder due to longer onset of action, is less effective for acute anxiety
buspirone
131
propylthiouracil (PTU) mechanism of action
inhibits thyroid peroxidase
132
most common side effects of quinidine that limits its use
cinchonism
133
side effects of amiodarone
thyroid dysfunction, corneal deposits, liver damage and pulmonary fibrosis
134
drug of choice for generalized tonic-clonic seizures
carbamazepine, phenytoin, valproic acid
135
sweating, dilated pupils, piloerection, and flu-like symptoms are symptoms of withdrawal from this class of drugs
opioid
136
mechanism of action of thrombolytics
lyse thrombi by catalyzing the formation of plasmin which cleaves fibrin
137
respiratory and CNS depression, pinpoint pupils, seizures, and needle track marks are symptoms of this intoxication
opioid
138
nitrosureas that spontaneously form active intermediates that cross-link DNA; can cross blood brain barrier and is indicated for brain tumors
carmustine, -mustines
139
drug of choice for influenza A and B
oseltamivir or zanamivir
140
mechanism of action involves indirection reduction of liver triglyceride synthesis
niacin, vibrates
141
3 beta blockers that decrease aqueous production
timolol (nonselective), betaxolol (selective), carteolol (nonselective)
142
drug of choice for treatment of acute status epileptics
diazepam, loreazepam
143
vibrates increase activity of
lipoprotein lipase
144
side effects of beta blockers
bradycardia, AV block, impotence, dyslipidemia, exacerbation of COPD
145
mechanism of action of vancomycin
binds D-Ala-D-Ala on murein monomers and prevent polymerization of the murrain monomers
146
drug of choice for treatment of mild to moderate pseudomembranous colitis
metronidazole
147
side effect of hydralazine
lupus-like syndrome
148
enzyme that is induced through chronic exposure to alcohol, may contribute to tolerance
microsomal ethanol oxidizing system (MEOS)
149
thioamide less likely to cross placenta, inhibits peripheral conversion of T4 to T3 in high doses and indicated for pregnant women in 1st trimester
propylthiouracil (PTU)
150
primary mechanism of action of typical antipsychotics
inhibits D2 receptor
151
captopril and enalapril (-PRIL ending) are
ACE inhibitors
152
antidote acetaminophen poisoning
N-acetylcysteine
153
1st line for rheumatoid arthritis for most patients
low dose methotrexate
154
carbonic anhydrase inbitior
acetazolamide
155
hyper stabilizes microtubule polymer and prevents microtubule breakdown
paclitaxel, -taxels
156
site of action of loop diuretics
thick ascending limb
157
mechanism of action of losartan and valsartan
block AT1 receptors
158
mechanism of action of benzodiazepines
increase frequency of GABA-mediated chloride ion channel (GABAA) opening
159
side effect of spironolactone
gynecomastia, hyperkalemia, impotence
160
side effects of corticosteroids
iatrogenic bushings syndrome, hyperglycemia, impaired wound healing, osteoporosis, peptic ulcers, myopathy, adrenal suppression ( > 2 week treatment)
161
primary mechanism of action of atypical antipsychotics
inhibit 5-HT2 receptors
162
DNA intercalating agent with minimal myelosuppresion that induces formation of free radicals; dose-limiting side effects include pulmonary fibrosis, and mucocutaneous reactions
bleomycin
163
inhibits peripheral DOPA decarboxylase, reduces peripheral side effects of dopamine precursor and enhances its delivery to the brain
carbidopa
164
mechanism of action of organic nitrates
requires enzymatic release of NO, relaxes vascular smooth muscle of veins
165
antihistamine that is indicated for allergies, motion sickness, and insomnia
diphenhydramine
166
antidote for methotrexate toxicity
leucovorin
167
2 anti-neoplastic that require dose-reucction in patients who are taking allopurinol
azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine
168
reason fluroquinolones are contraindicated in children and pregnancy
cartilage damage
169
side effect of aspirin
GI bleeding
170
precursor of dopamine that can cross the blood brain barrier and used to alleviate motor dysfunction in parkinson disease
levodopa
171
drug of choice for management of acute ventricular tachycardia
amiodarone
172
MAO and effect of nitric oxide
stimulates cGMP, leads to vascular smooth muscle relaxation
173
distribution of histamine receptors H1, H2, and H3
smooth muscle and mast cells; stomach, heart and mast cells; nerve endings and CNS
174
side effects of niacin
cutaneous flush
175
side effect of acetaminophen
hepatotoxicity
176
common side effects of low potency typical antipsychotic drugs
dry mouth (anticholinergic), sedation (antihistamine), hypotension (alpha1 block)
177
anti epileptic drug used as first line for trigeminal neuralgia
carbamazepine
178
technique used to diagnose perianal itching, and drug used to treat it
scotch tape technique and mebendazole (albendazole)
179
selective beta 1 receptor blockers useful for treating cardiac conditions in patients with asthma
acebutolol, betaxolol, esmolol, atenolol, metoprolol (A BEAM)
180
antidiuretic hormone analog used for central diabetes insidious and nocturnal enuresis
desmopression
181
mechanism ofaction of barbiturates
increase duration of GABAA chloride channel opening
182
produces dissociated anesthesia but has significant analgesic activity
ketamine
183
mechanism of action of amiloride
inhibit epithelial sodium channels in the distal convoluted tubules and collecting duct
184
heparin (PTT) increases activity of
antithrombin 3
185
opioid available trans-dermally
fentanyl
