Pharm 1 liners kinetics and dynamics Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Pharm 1 liners kinetics and dynamics Deck (32)
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1
Q

Time required to reduce amount of drug in the body by half during elimination, constant in first order kinetics (majority of drugs)

A

Half-life (T1/2)

2
Q

Relates the amount of drug in the body to the plasma concentration

A

Volume of distribution (Vd)

3
Q

Plasma concentration of a drug at a given time

A

Cp

4
Q

The ratio of the rate of elimination of a drug to its plasma concentration

A

Clearance (CL)

5
Q

Hepatic metabolism of the drug before it reaches the systemic circulation

A

First pass effect

6
Q

The fraction of unchanged drug that reaches systemic circulation after administration

A

Bioavailability (F)

7
Q

When the rate of drug input equals the rate of drug elimination

A

Steady state

8
Q

Different steps of Phase I

A

Oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis

9
Q

Rifampin, phenobarbital, carbamazepine, phenytoin, St. Johns wort

A

Inducers of CYP450

10
Q

Macrolides, ketoconazole (azoles), ritonavir (protease inhibitors), cimetidine, grapefruit juice, quinidine, amiodarone

A

Inhibitors of CYP450

11
Q

Name three Phase II conjugation reactions

A

Glucuronidation, acetylation, glutathione conjugation, sulfation, methylation

12
Q

Constant fraction of drug eliminated per unit time

A

First order kinetics

13
Q

Constant amount of drug eliminated per unit time

A

Zero order kinetics

14
Q

A higher dose given to rapidly achieve effective blood levels

A

Loading dose (Cp*(VD/F))

15
Q

Amount of drug required to keep a desired mean steady-state concentration in the body

A

Maintenance dose (Cp*(CL/F))

16
Q

Ability of a drug to bind to a receptor

A

Affinity

17
Q

Selectivity of a drug for its receptor

A

Specificity

18
Q

Amount of drug necessary to elicit a biologic effect compared with another drug

A

Potency

19
Q

Ability of drug to produce the maximal effect

A

Efficacy

20
Q

Ability of a drug to produce maximal response after binding to the receptor

A

Full agonist

21
Q

Ability to produce less than maximal response after binding to the receptor

A

Partial agonist

22
Q

Ability to bind reversibly to the active site without activating the effector system

A

Competitive antagonist

23
Q

Ability to bind irreversibly to the active site or bind to an allosteric site without activating the effector system

A

Noncompetitive antagonist

24
Q

Mechanism of action utilizes intracellular receptors

A

Steroids and hormones

25
Q

Mechanism of action utilizes transmembrane receptors that have intrinsic enzymatic activity

A

Insulin, EGF, TGFbeta, PDGF, BNP

26
Q

Mechanism of action utilizes ligand gated ion channels

A

Acetylcholine, nicotine

27
Q

Dose that produces therapeutic response in 50% of the population

A

ED50

28
Q

Dose that is toxic to 50% of the population

A

TD50

29
Q

Dose that is lethal to 50% of a population of animals

A

LD50

30
Q

Window between therapeutic effect and toxic effect

A

Therapeutic index

31
Q

Drugs that have a large margin of safety is indicated by

A

High therapeutic index

32
Q

Drugs that have a narrow margin of safety is indicated by

A

Low therapeutic index