Pharmacology Flashcards
(130 cards)
1
Q
study of substances that interact w/ living system through chemical process
A
Pharmacology
2
Q
How the body handles the drug
A
Pharmacokinetics
3
Q
how the drug affects the body
A
Pharmacodynamics
4
Q
Study of the relation of the genetic make-up to the response to specific drugs
A
Pharmacogenomics / Pharmacogenetics
5
Q
Procurement, preparation and dispensing of drugs.
A
Pharmacy
6
Q
Diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases.
A
Pharmacotherapeutics
7
Q
the study and origin of crude drugs produce from plants, microbes, animals.
A
Pharmacognosy
8
Q
Dosage of drugs; amount of drugs to be given
A
Posology
9
Q
Amount of drug to be taken at 1 time; “500mg”
A
Dose
10
Q
Amount of drug, complete signa.
A
Dosage
11
Q
Most commonly used rule, weight in pounds “wt (lb) x adult dose / 150 = infant dose”
A
Clark’s rule
12
Q
Age in months
A
Fried’s rule
13
Q
Age in year
A
Young’s rule
14
Q
Age at your next birthday
A
Cowling’s rule
15
Q
Age in year for adult
A
Bastedo’s rule
16
Q
the study of drug’s biologic toxins/harmful effects
A
Toxicology
17
Q
Lead poisoning
A
Plumbism
18
Q
Mercury poisoning
A
Acrodynia
19
Q
Silver poisoning
A
argyria
20
Q
Copper toxicity
A
Copperidius
21
Q
Decreases the absorption of toxic substances
A
Activated charcoal
22
Q
Promotes emetic effect/vommiting
A
Syrup of ipecac
23
Q
Fluoride overdose, give;
A
MILK
24
Q
drug that causes tooth staining, should not be given 6 months pregnant to 9 y/o child.
A
Tetracycline
25
Increase/too much in vitamin A/retinol results in
Clefts
26
Category A is the safest drug to prescribe to pregnant patients, not indicated or the most dangerous drug is category X, Lidocaine is category?
B
27
Atomic/molecular structure of a compound
Chemical name
28
Manufacturer's name
Trade name
29
Official name of the drug
Generic Name
30
Generics law of 1988, AN ACT TO PROMOTE, REQUIRE AND ENSURE THE PRODUCTION OF AN ADEQUATE SUPPLY, DISTRIBUTION, USE AND ACCEPTANCE OF DRUGS AND MEDICINES IDENTIFIED BY THEIR GENERIC NAMES
RA 6675
31
comprehensive Dangerous drug act of 2002
RA 9165
32
Narcotic analgesics are used in medicine as strong analgesics, for relief of severe or chronic pain, an example of street drug that is contraindicated and illegal drug is:
HEROIN
33
Combined effect of 2 chemical is much greater than the sum of the effects of each agent given alone
2+2 > 4
synergism
34
Combined effect of 2 or greater than chemical is equal to the sum of the effect of each agents given alone
2+2 = 4
Addition
35
when 1 substance that does not normally have a toxic effect is added another chemical, it makes the 2nd chemical much more toxic.
0+2 = toxic effect
Potentiation
36
Opposite of synergism
Antagonism
37
Antidote for Acetminophen
N-Acetylcysteine
38
Antidote for narcotic analgesic
Naloxone "Narcan"
39
Antidote for Warfarin
Vitamin K
40
Antidote for Benzodiazepine
Flumazenil
41
Antidote for anti-cholinergic, anti-muscarinic
Physostigmine
42
Highest potential of abuse is a schedule number
1
- Never prescribed: marijuana, LSD, heroin, mescaline.
43
1st local anesth. used
Cocaine
44
All local anesth. are vasodilators except
Cocaine
45
the only local anesth. that is used for anti-arrythmia.
Lidocaine
46
DOC for anaphylactic reaction
Epinephrine
47
DOC for acute seizure attack
Diazepam
(Sedative, anticonvulsant)
48
Brand name of diazepam
Valium
49
herbal medicine that has High fluoride content
Tsaang Gubat
50
Anti-hypercholesterolemia
Simvastatin (-statin)
51
Herbal medicine: Yerba buena is a
Analgesic
52
Herbal medicine good for antiseptic/mouthwash
Bayabas
53
Movement of drug from site of administration to central compartment & to its exent
Absorption
54
Amount of therapeutically active drug that reaches the systemic circulations. Responsible for effectiveness and safety of medications.
Bioavailability
55
Lipid-solubule =
Absorbable
56
most convenient, easiest safest, most unpredictable, least effective, simplest route of administration
ORAL
57
Solid, breakdown into smaller parts
Disintegration
58
Dissolved into liquid
Dissolution
59
Absorption happens in?
small Intestine
60
Normal gastric emptying is __ hrs
rate at which drug is delivered to small intestine
4
61
Function of stomach?
Digestion
62
Rapid uptake and metabolism of an agent into inactive compounds by the liver, after enteric absorption and before it reaches systemic circulation.
1st Pass effect
63
Main organ for metabolism
Liver
64
Bypasses the hepatic circulation, no 1st pass effect, high bioavailability.
Sublingual
-under your tongue
65
Bioavailability is unpredictable
Rectal
66
Main site of gas exchange
Alveoli
67
Local anesth. administered topically
Best
Benzocaine
Topical
Tetracaine
Local Anesth.
Lidocaine
68
Allows titration of drug, 100% bioavailability rapid and complete -> Fastest onset of action.
Disadvantage: Overdose
Intravenous
69
Area for intramuscular administration for children
Vastus lateralis
70
Area for intramuscular administration for adult
Deltoid - Fast onset
gluteus maximus.
71
Subcutaneous administration is administered in
Hypodermis 45degrees
72
Best site of administration of Insulin
Abdomen
73
Longest time for the absorption of medication
INTRADERMAL
- used in skin testing
- always bevel up w/ wheal formation
- 0-15 degree
74
Higher to lower concentration
Passive diffusion
75
DOC for parkinsons disease
Levodopa
76
Cell drinking, uptake of macromolecules
Pinocytosis
77
cell eating is
Phagocytosis
78
Ability of the drug to move from the circulatory system to its target tissues
Distribution
79
Chemical inactivation of drug to a more soluble compound essential for drug elimination
Metabolism or also known as "Biotransformation"
80
most common reaction in your drug metabolism
Reduction oxidation process.
most important stage: Oxidation
81
Main/most important organ for excretion
Kidney
82
Most commonly used kidney function test
Creatinine clearance, BUN,
Most specific/definitive kidney function test- Inulin clearance
83
lidocaine, erythromycin excretes in
BILE
84
Drug that cause cholestatic hepatitis
Erythromycin Estolate
85
Time required to change the amount of drug in the body into 1/2
Half-life
86
Amount of drug eliminated is dependent on the concentration of drug in plasma fluid
1st-Order kinetics
87
Amount of drug eliminated is independent on the concentration of drug in plasma fluid
Zero kinetics
88
Rate at which the active drug is removed from the body (L/hr)
Clearance
89
Ability of drug to bind to receptors
Affinity
90
Ability of drug to produce a physiologic change during drug-receptor interaction
Intrinsic activity
91
Strongest bond and irreversible
Covalent bond
92
Weakest type of bond
Hydrophobic
93
Drug that binds and activates a receptor
Agonist
94
Drug that binds to a receptor but does not cause activation: Intrinsic activity 0
Antagonist
95
Unusual response to a drug which cannot be explain by known mechanism
Idiosyncrasy
96
unknown cause
Idiopathic
97
Decreased responsiveness after prolonged drug administration
Tolerance
98
form of tolerance Rapid decrease in responsiveness
Tachyphylaxis
99
Adverse effect idiosyncratic effect is type
B
100
expected effect in therapeutic dose
Side effect
101
unexpected effect outside their dose
Adverse effect
102
Cell mediated type of hypersensitivity reaction
Type 4 - Delayed hypersensitivity reaction
103
Cell that is in charge for cell mediated immunity
T-Cell (t-lymphocytes)
104
Type of hypersensitivity reaction that are antibody-mediated.
TYPE
1 - Anaphylaxis
2 - Cytotoxic
3 - Immune complex
105
antibodies came form?
Plasma cell
106
Plasma cell came from?
B-cell (B-lymphocytes)
107
B cell is in charge for _____ immunity
Humoral
108
Mast cell is the richest / major source of?
Histamine
109
DOC for anaphylactic shock/reaction
Epinephrine
110
SLE, Rheumatoid arthritis, Glomerulonephtitis, serum sickness, local arthus reaction is what type of hypersensitivity reaction?
Type 3 immune complex
111
anemia, thrombocytopenia is responsible for what type of hypersensitivity reaction
Type 2 - Cytotoxic
112
contact dermatitis, allograft reaction, thyroiditis is what type of hypersensitivity reaction
Type 4 - delayed
113
Prescription writing:
Identification of PX: name, address, date, age.
Superscription
114
Prescription writing:
Body, name of medication, dose.
Inscription
115
Instruction to pharmacist, quantity of drug.
Subscription
116
Instruction to patient, dosage. Signatura.
Transcription
117
BID
two times a day
118
TID
Three times a day
119
QID
Four times a day
120
PRN
as needed
121
HS
Hours of sleep
122
STAT
immediately
123
PO
Orally taken
124
AC
Before meals
125
PC
after meals
126
OS
Left Eye
O - EYES
A - EAR
D- Right
S - Left
U - Both
127
OU
Both eyes
O - EYES
A - EAR
D- Right
S - Left
U - Both
128
AD
Right ear
O - EYES
A - EAR
D- Right
S - Left
U - Both
129
1 tablespoon is equivalent to
3 teaspoon or 15ml
1 Grain - 60 mg
1 Teaspoon - 5 ml
1 tablespoon - 15 ml
1% solution - 1g/100ml
1 cc - 1ml (10cc = 10ml)
60 drops "GTT" - 1 teaspoon
1 drop/gtt - 0.06ml
8 ounce - 1 cup
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