Skeletal System Flashcards
(146 cards)
1
Q
Tough, durable form of supporting connective tissue that is avascular and lacks nerves, slow and ineffective repair, characterized by an extracellular matrix with high concentrations of glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans and type II collagen
A
Cartilage
2
Q
Cells that make up the cartilage, synthesis and maintains the ECM
A
Chondrocytes
3
Q
Matrix cavities of chondrocytes
A
Lacunae
4
Q
Benign tumor of cartilage cells, usually found in the phalanges between 20-20yrs of age
A
Chondroma
5
Q
Fibrous connective tissue lining of cartilage, considered the vascular supply, contains chondroblasts
A
Perichondrium
6
Q
Growth by cell division of chondrocytes, “growth from within”
A
Interstitial Growth
7
Q
Growth by layering, deposition of cartilage matrix by chondroblasts
A
Appositional Growth
8
Q
Cartilage responsible for cartilage matrix for endochondral ossification, embryonic skeletal formation and composed of homogenous amorphous matrix.
A
Hyaline Cartilage
9
Q
Degeneration “gradual loss or change” of physical properties of the hyaline cartilage brought about by aging, trauma, or excessive function. Mostly affects weigh bearing joints. “Wear and tear”
A
Osteoarthritis
10
Q
Less dense matrix, consists of elastic fibers and lamellae and elastin
A
Elastic Cartilage
11
Q
Fibrous dense matrix, not elastic, not covered by perichondrium
A
Fibrocartilage
12
Q
Fibrocartilage is what type of Collagen
A
Type I
13
Q
Articular disc, TMJ, is what type or cartilage
A
Fibrocartilage
14
Q
Bones in adult:
A
206 (80 Axial and 126 perpendicular)
15
Q
Facial component of the skull / Facial skeleton is also known as
A
Viscerocranium
-neural crest origin
16
Q
Cartilaginous neurocranium is also known as
A
Chondrocranium (Cranial Base)
it undergoes endochondral formation.
17
Q
Protects the brain and brainstem
A
Neurocranium (cranial vault)
intramembranous type of ossification.
18
Q
Margins of the cranial vault that are membranous at birth, found at the junction of sutures
A
Fontanelles
- fibrous membranes
19
Q
Posterior Fontanelle
- 1st to ossify in 6-8 weeks after birth
- Triangular in shape
- it is a junction of _____ sutures
A
Sagittal and Lambdoid suture
20
Q
Sphenoid fontanelle
- also known as “anterolateral fontanelle”
- Paired
- Junction of sphenoid, parietal, temporal and frontal bones
- Ossified by ___ months
A
6 months
21
Q
Mastoid Fontanelle
- Paired
- Junction of occipital, parietal, and temporal
- Ossified by 6-18 months
- also known as:
A
“Posterolateral Fontanelle”
22
Q
Anterior Fontanelle
- Junction of coronal, frontal and parietal suture
- Ossified between 18-24 months
- it is a ____ shaped
A
Diamond Shape
23
Q
Frontal suture is commonly seen in children and also known as
A
Metopic Suture
24
Q
Fibrous joints that connects the bones of the skull, acts as an expansion joint allowing the bone to enlarge as the brain grows
A
Cranial Sutures
25
Suture that connects: FRONTAL AND PARIETAL BONES
Coronal Suture
26
Suture that connects: L/R PARIETAL BONES
Sagittal Suture
27
Suture that connects: Parietal and Occipital Bones
Lambdoidal Suture
28
Suture that connects: Parietal and temporal bones
Squamosal Suture
29
Junction of greater wings of sphenoid, squamous temporal, frontal and parietal bones. Related to the anterior division of the middle meningeal artery
PTERION
30
Superior point of neurocranium, midpoint with cranium at anatomical position
VERTEX
31
Star shaped point, located at the junction of parietomastoid, occipitomastiod, lambdoid sutures.
ASTERION
32
More anterior projecting part of forehead, on frontal bone, found at the superior part of the nose, smooth prominence, marked in males.
Glabella
33
Most prominent part of external occipital protuberance
INION
34
Junction of the frontonasal and internasal suture
NASION
35
Lesser wing of sphenoid bone, Anterior clinoid process of sphenoid bone, Frontal bone, Ethmoid bone is seen in _____ ____ Fossa
Anterior Cranial Fossa
36
the body and greater wing of sphenoid bone together with the squamous part and anterior surface of petrous part of Temporal bone is seen in ______ Fossa
Middle Cranial Fossa
37
Occipital bone, superior border of petrous part of temporal bone is seen in _____ fossa
Posterior Cranial fossa
38
Foramen of CRIBRIFORM PLATE passes what Cranial Nerve
CN I (Olfactory nerve)
39
Houses the ethmoid sinuses, forms the superior and middle nasal conchae
ETHMOID BONE
40
Houses the Pituitary Gland
Sella Turcica or "Hypophyseal Fossa"
41
Hypophyseal fossa / Sella turcica is found on
Sphenoid Bone
42
Accessory meningeal artery and CN V3 passes through
FORAMEN OVALE
43
CN V2 passes through
Foramen Rotundum
44
Middle Meningeal artery, Meningeal branch of V3 passes through
Foramen Spinosum
45
Ophthalmic Artery, CN II passes through
Optic Canal
46
Floor and anterior wall of External acoustic meatus if found in
Tympanic portion of Temporal bone
47
Facial Skeleton Unpaired bone
Mandible and Vomer
48
Unpaired bone in cranium/cranial
Adult: Ethmoid, sphenoid, frontal bone.
(Infant child: Paired frontal bone)
49
Houses the maxillary sinus/antrum of highmore
Body of Maxilla
50
Maxillary sinus - largest paranasal sinus, Drains into the nasal cavity at the:
Hiatus Semilunaris (middle meatus)
51
Contains an orbital surface, floor of the orbit, medial rim with the lacrimal bone.
Frontal Process
52
Houses roots of the maxillary teeth
Alveolar Process
53
Palatal process forms the anterior two third of the hard palate with a suture separating into right and left called
MEDIAN PALATINE SUTURE
54
L shaped bones located behind the maxilla, forms the posterior portion of the hard palate, floor and lateral wall of the nasal cavity
Palatine bones
55
An inverted pyramid in the midface, window to the pterygopalatine fossa
Pterygomaxillary Fissure
56
1st cervical vertebrae
Atlas
57
The ____ ____ includes the ribs, the thoracic vertebrate, the sternum, and the costal cartilage that attach the ribs to the sternum, protects viscera.
Thoracic Cage
58
Costal cartilage is made up of what cartilage?
Hyaline cartilage
59
Rib structure that articulates with the vertebrae
Tubercle
60
rib structure that articulates with the vertebrae, posterior end.
Head
61
Radius is what part of forearm bone
Lateral
62
Ulna is what part of forearm bone
Medial
63
aka Kneecap, anterior surface of the knee join, flat sesamoid bone located in the quadriceps tendon
Patella
64
aka shin bone, makes the medial malleolus
Tibia
65
non-weight bearing bone, makes the lateral malleolus
Fibula
66
Tuberculous infection affecting the vertebrae
Pott's disease
67
Highly vascular, composed of calcified bone matrix
BONE
68
main organic component of bone
Collagen
69
Growing cells which secrete the organic component of the bone matrix called "OSTEOID"
Osteoblasts
70
cells Found in space/cavities called "LACUNAE" between matrix layers "lamellae" with cytoplasmic process in small canaliculi
Osteocytes
71
Osteoclast derived from monocytes from bone marrow, macrophages of the bone, for bone destruction or bone resorption, found in a space called:
HOWSHIP's Lacunae
72
also known as brittle bone disease, osteoblasts produce deficient amounts of type 1 collagen or defective type 1 collagen, leads to bone fragility because of decreased resiliency in the bone matrix.
Osteogenesis imperfecta
73
Osteoclasts lack ruffled borders and bone resorption is defective, characterized by dense, heavy bones "Marble bones"
Osteopetrosis
74
also known as paget's disease of bone, malignant transformation to osteosarcoma (most common), fibrosarcoma or chondroma. Increase blood alkaline phosphatase
Osteitis Deformans
75
benign neoplasm of bone that remains small in size, well-defined central radiolucent region + outer sclerotic bone, most commonly affects the tibia or femur
Osteoid Osteoma
76
Unites the periosteum to the underlying bone
Sharpey's fiber
77
Thick fibrous membrane covering the surface of bone, dense irregular tissue: source of osteoprogenitor cells
Periosteum
78
second most common malignant tumor of bone
Osteogenic Sarcoma
79
radiographic appearance of osteogenic sarcom
Sunray appearance
80
inflammatory disease affecting marrow tissue and periosteum
Osteomyelitis
caused by Staph. Aureus (Body)
81
DOC for osteomyelitis
Clindamycin
Cephalosporins
82
immature bone that is fibrous is called
Woven Bone
83
Strongest form of bone
Compact Bone "Cortical Bone / Dense Bone"
84
Made up of taberculae, inner regionn of the bone, adjacent to the marrow cavities
Spongy bone "Cancellous bone / Trabecular Bone"
85
Immovable joint is called
made up of fibrous connective tissue
Synarthrosis
86
Slightly movable joint
Amphiarthrosis
87
Freely movable joint
classified according to plane of movement
Diarthrosis
88
Rheumatoid arthritis in children
Still's Disease
89
Found at the center of haversian system or osteon?
Haversian Canal
90
Other name for alveolar proper
Bundle bone / Cribriform plate
91
Mineralized ligaments penetrating the circumferential lamellae of hard tissues?
Sharpey's Fiber
92
Site of hematopoiesis in embryo
Yolk sac
93
Site of hematopoiesis in Fetus
Liver (Accessory organ: Spleen + Lymph Nodes)
94
Site of hematopoiesis after birth
Red Bone Marrow
95
Main bones involved in hematopoiesis in children
Long Bones (Red bone marrow)
96
Main bones involved in hematopoiesis in adults
Pelvis, skull, vertebra, sternum
97
Cleft of hard palate is known as
Uranoshisis
98
Cleft of soft palate is known as
Staphyloschisis
99
Cleft of soft and hard palate is known as
Uranostaphyloschisis
100
Blood calcium level:
9-11 mg/dl
101
Bone is similar structure to, what part of the tooth.
DENTIN
102
Attaches muscle to bone
Tendons
103
attaches bone to bone
Ligaments
104
attaches muscle to muscle
Aponeurosis
105
walnut shaped bone
Ethmoid
106
1st bone to ossify during development, most commonly fractured bone in the human body
Clavicle
107
Strongest bone in the head and neck, forms the cranial base
Petrous part of temporal bone
108
strongest facial bone
Mandible
109
When cartilage becomes calcified, the chondrocytes usually
die because of lack of diffusion
110
What is the major change in bone matrix during its mineralization
Water content decreases
111
the superior orbital fissure is located between the
greater and lesser wings of the sphenoid bone
112
the maxillary sinus opens into the
Middle meatus
113
the bony roof of the infratemporal fossa is formed by the
Greater wing of sphenoid bone
114
slightly movable joint
amphiarthroses
115
the jugular foramen transmits which cranial nerve
IX, X, XI
116
The sternal angle is used in located precisely the
Second rib "Angle of louis"
117
the sphenooccipital synchondrosis in the midline of the cranial base of a newborn consists of
Hyaline cartilage
118
Articular surface of most diarthrodial joints are covered by
Hyaline cartilage
119
what nerve passes through the foramen rotundom
Maxillary nerve
120
Intramembranous bone formation involves
transformation of osteoblasts to osteocytes
121
the communication between the infratemporal fossa and the pterygopalatine fossa is the
Pterygomaxillary fissure
122
which of the following does not directly promote mineralization of the bone
A. Vitamin A
B. Vit. D
C. Gonodal Hormones
D. Parathyroid Hormones
D. Parathyroid hormones
123
the organic matrix of bone is composed largely of collagen and
Glycosaminoglycans
124
a benign mush-room like tumor of bone, in the metaphyseal are of young person, showing a peripheral cartilage cap is a
Osteochondroma
125
Osteomyelitis is most commonly associated with bacteria:
Staphylococcus Aureus
in infants: streptococci
126
Osteomalacia is a bone disorder resulting from
Vitamin D deficiency in adults
127
primary tumor of which of the following organs is least likely to give rise to skeletal metastasis
Tongue
128
a patient with which of the following diseases is predisposed to develop osteosarcoma
A. Osteomalacia
B. Osteopetrosis
C. Paget's disease of bone
D. Osteogenesis imperfecta
E. Osteomyelitis
C.
129
cause of Symptoms of osteoarthritis is the degredation in load bearing joints
A. Meniscus
B. Synovial membrane
C. Bursa
D. Articular Cartilage
D. Articular Cartilage
130
SYNarthrosis is an
IMMOVABLE Joint
131
Joints in the flat bones of the Fused cranium are classified as
Sutures
132
allows the maximum rotational movement of the head about its vertical axis
atlanto axial joint
133
Internal acoustic meatus transmits which two structures
Facial Nerve & Vestibulocochlear nerve
134
allows for the exit of the spinal accessory nerve from the cranial cavity
Jugular Foramen
135
Bone in the mandible develops by
Intramembranous Ossification
136
a tubercle is
a small, rounded process
137
the shaft of a long bone is capped on the end by spongy bone that is surrounded by compact bone. this is called the
Epiphysis
138
which can be defined as a tube-like passage running through a bone
A. Fovea
B. Meatus
C. Fossa
D. Fissure
MEATUS
139
Which fossa has no bony inferior or posterior boundary?
A. Pteygopalatine fossa
B. Infratemporal fossa
C. Temporal Fossa
B. Infratemporal fossa
140
which of the following receives the opening of the nasolacrimal duct
A. Superior Meatus
B. Middle Meatus
C. Inferior meatus
C. Inferior meatus
141
the medial pterygoid plate is a component of which bone
A. Sphenoid bone
B. Occipital bone
C. Palatine bone
D. Temporal Bone
A. Sphenoid bone
142
Osteocytes are located in theses spaces
Lacunae
143
cup-shaped cavity that receives the head of the femur is called
Acetabulum
144
osteopetrosis is characterized by
greatly increased density of skeleton
145
mosaic pattern of bone caused by an increased in both osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity is characteristic of
Paget's disease of bone
146
Osteomalacia means
"Soft bones"
