Practical Hypoxia AI generated Flashcards
Describe the process of PCR in the context of the practical.
PCR involves using heat to denature double-stranded DNA, allowing primers to bind to complementary sequences. The polymerase then binds to the primer and starts transcription.
What is the purpose of In-Silico PCR in the practical?
In-Silico PCR is used to search a sequence database with a pair of PCR primers through a computer simulation of PCR.
Define the role of DreamTaq PCR Master Mix in the PCR process.
DreamTaq PCR Master Mix contains necessary reaction components, including DNA polymerase and nucleotides, essential for elongating DNA during PCR.
How is hypoxia defined in the context of the content provided?
Hypoxia is a condition where there is a deficiency of oxygen supply, which can be caused by various factors like a heart attack, iron deficiency, collapsed lung, or CO2 poisoning.
Do you need specific primers for PCR? Why or why not?
Yes, specific primers are required for PCR because they need to bind to the gene of interest accurately for successful transcription.
Describe the role of in molecular biology.
PCR is a technique used to amplify a specific segment of DNA by repeatedly replicating it in a laboratory setting.
What is the significance of using exons in PCR?
Exons are used in PCR because they contain the coding regions of DNA that are transcribed into mRNA and eventually translated into proteins.
Define alternative splicing in the context of DNA transcription.
Alternative splicing is a process where a single gene can code for multiple proteins by including or excluding different exons in the final RNA transcript.
How can human primers sometimes bind to mouse genes in PCR experiments?
Human primers can bind to mouse genes in PCR if there is sufficient sequence similarity between the target regions of the two species.
Do introns code for proteins in the gene expression process?
No, introns are sections of mRNA that are removed during RNA processing and do not code for proteins.
Describe the purpose of a reference gene in PCR analysis.
A reference gene is used as a control in PCR experiments to normalize gene expression levels and ensure accurate comparisons between samples.
What does it mean when a PCR product matches the expected size on a gel?
When a PCR product matches the expected size on a gel, it indicates that the amplification was successful and the target DNA fragment was correctly amplified.
Describe the impact of hypia on gene expression in a cell.
Hypoxia leads to increased transcription and translation, resulting in upregulation of specific genes like Vegfa and HIF-1a.
What is the role of Vegfa gene in response to hypoxia?
Vegfa gene, a growth factor, is upregulated under hypoxia, promoting angiogenesis and increasing blood vessel size to enhance blood supply.
Define HIF-1a and its function in hypoxic conditions.
HIF-1a is the alpha subunit of hypoxia-inducible factor-1, regulating the activation of genes like Vegfa and Slc2a1 in response to low oxygen levels.
