Practice Exam 3 Flashcards by George Seifried

The company responds to an employee’s company day care proposal by telling her that the company should not interfere in employees’ choices regarding the individual care for their children. What type of moral justice is the company employing?

Libertarian.
Utilitarian.
Entitlement.
The veil of ignorance.

Libertarian.

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The poverty rate is increasing. In the name of social responsibility, an employee proposes and volunteers to be the project manager for a company day care project open to all employees. Fees will be based on the level of family income. It will help offset their economic expenses and increase productivity since workers know their children are safe. What type of moral justice is the employee eliciting from her company?

Libertarian
Utilitarian.
Entitlement.
The veil of ignorance.

Entitlement.

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What is the best approach to use when moral decisions that impact a number of individuals have to be made?

Use principles of “right” and “wrong” in a social context that maximizes employee and/or customer satisfaction.
Use principles of “right” and “wrong” to maximize the firm’s security.
Identify various obligations, and where the emphasis should be placed among them.
Use a nonconsequential approach that respects moral rights within the limitations that the company can legitimately pursue their organizational goal.

Identify various obligations, and where the emphasis should be placed among them.

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The project manager’s responsibility to the organization includes

project integrity, meeting project objectives, and on-time progress payments.
effective communication, providing adequate resources, and timely decision-making.
accurate communication, competency, and proper resource allocation.
accuracy, cost-consciousness, safety and being goal oriented.

accurate communication, competency, and proper resource allocation.

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The project manager’s responsibility to the project team includes

Project integrity, meeting project objectives, and on-time progress payments.
Effective communication, providing adequate resources, and timely decision-making.
accurate communication, competency, and proper resource allocation.
accuracy, cost-consciousness, safety and focus on goals.

Effective communication, providing adequate resources, and timely decision-making.

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The deadline is fast-approaching, but the project manager insists there needs to be a short time extension to complete the last few troubleshooting tests to ensure the product successfully meets all requirements. Management does not want the delay and reminds the project manager that, although his point is well-taken, customers are the “end” and should not determine the “means” by which operations are performed and deadlines are met. What ethical principal is the project manager trying to convey to management?

Egoism.
Utilitarianism.
Nonsequentialism.
Kant’s ethics.

Kant’s ethics.

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The project manager’s responsibility to the project includes ensuring

Project integrity, meeting project objectives, and on-time progress payments.

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The instruments that are used to authorize cost centers to begin charging their time to a specific cost reporting element are

Progress payment reports.
Daily progress reports.
Work orders.
Data release reports.

Work orders.

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Three employees met with the manager to decide who should represent the team and present the finished product. The white male had worked hard on the project, but did not offer input, improvements, or innovations. The Asian woman had made significant and beneficial modifications to the design, which greatly improved its usability. The African-American man corrected the design errors since he had previous design expertise. He also did the troubleshooting and intimately knew how each part and feature of the product worked. He also was the most articulate of the group when it came to explaining the operation and special features of the product. The manager had little contact with anyone but the worker-bee, white male team member during the project since the others were generally collaborating on, and coordinating features, of the product. What major communication barriers exist that overshadow the manager’s decision? (The manager decided to send the white team member. The manager is also a white male).

Words and noise.
One-way communication channels.
Bias and stereotyping.
Hidden agendas.

Bias and stereotyping.

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The road construction project manager receives an addendum regarding right-of-way acquisition for her project. She sees designers chose to amend the route that originally impacted a section of an affluent neighborhood. The right-of-way needed to build the project would now be taken from a distressed neighborhood predominately inhabited by minorities and seniors. In fact, some property owners had not agreed to the right-of-way purchase price offered by the county, so portions of those properties were “condemned” to accommodate the new roadway and sidewalk width. What positive or negative aspect of moral justice does relocating the road through the distressed neighborhood, illustrate?

Libertarian justice.
Distributive justice.
Utilitarian justice.
Justice of entitlement.

Distributive justice.

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What communication element involves judging the relevance, worth, goodness, or appropriateness of the received message?

Positive paralanguage.
Evaluative feedback.
Probing.
Perceptive interpretation.

Evaluative feedback.

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The project manager announces that a change has been added to the project and he has gotten approval to use a little-tried material that is new to the market. None of the project team had any indication the project manager was negotiating a change, let alone implementation of a new, little-known, experimental material none of them were familiar with or who had read up on. The project manager’s style of communication is:

obscure.
inconsiderate.
selective.
reactive.

reactive.

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Jane went to a job interview but no one told her part of the hiring process included an aptitude test. Jane had never heard of taking an aptitude test for a job interview. Part of the test required general key punch and secretarial skills that had little to do with the accounting job she was applying and interviewing for. Was the aptitude test a legitimate part of Jane’s interview process?

Yes, testing is an integral part of the hiring process, especially with large firms.
No, the test was not valid.
Yes, although it is not directly applicable, it will help determine what performance level Jane is at in her career.
No, the test is not reliable or credible for the position Jane is interviewing for.

Yes, testing is an integral part of the hiring process, especially with large firms.

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To be purposeful, the team objectives and goals must be

productive and cost effective.
necessary and focused.
clear, meaningful, and measurable.
fully developed and achievable.

clear, meaningful, and measurable.

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Project management includes the processes of initiating, planning,

identifying and executing.
scoping and controlling.
executing and process.
monitoring and controlling

monitoring and controlling

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Strategic considerations that are typically required before a project is authorized include

market demand for the project.
creation of a unique product or service.
organizational need.
all of the above

all of the above

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The first step in managing a project is

Identifying the problem.
Establishing a clear objective.
Identifying project requirements.
Planning and scheduling activities.

Identifying project requirements.

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During the planning phase, auditors review processes and procedures and help control how they are implemented. Project ______ can have unforeseen effects on timely completion.

results
risks
ethics
approach

risks

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Competing constraints include

Schedule
Budget
Resources
All of the above

All of the above

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Which organizational structure gives high to almost total authority for the project manager?

Virtual
Functional
PMO
Organic

PMO

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Factors in organization structure selection include:

Pareto charts
Physical location
Risk reviews
Hybrids

Physical location

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Human resources expertise, skills, and competencies are examples of

Resource availability
Employee capability
Infrastructure
Software elements

Employee capability

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What is a principle regarding systems?

Systems are not dynamic
Systems can be optimized
System components can not be optimized
all of the above.

Systems can be optimized

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Centralization refers to the decision-making authority within the organization. _________ decision-making is that which is delegated down to subordinates

Complex
Formal
Centralized
Decentralized

Decentralized

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An organization's ________ provides the organization and its employees with an identity. structure culture management hierarchy

culture

In a culture where management maintains consistency through exclusive control, decision-making and auditing, new structure elements and interrelationships are created. ______ addresses vertical and horizontal components of job and work group differentiation and division of labor and authority. Complexity Formalization Centralization Decentralization

Complexity

_______ addresses written rules and procedures deemed necessary to maintain organization control and coordination. Complexity Formalization Centralization Decentralization

Formalization

When a project is performed under contract, _______ are considered constraints. contractual provisions specific project assumptions boundaries acceptance criteria

contractual provisions

Reading a release about their competitor's new product progress and proposed release date, ABC Company directors meet to discuss the increasing pressure on them. They decide to escalate a current competitive product model they have in redesign. The model has been tested several times already. The last test revealed a potential overheating hazard that needed to be corrected. The current design can be put into production, which will beat their competition's product to market. Safety features will still be worked on and a recall can be issued as soon as the redesigned portion is complete and tested. The budget director indicates that the benefits of being first to market will more than compensate for costs incurred from a future recall, since only a percentage of customers ever respond to recall notices anyway. What kind of ethical standard are the ABC Company directors exercising? A restrained egoism. Utilitarianism. Nonsequentialism. Kant's ethics.

A restrained egoism.

Which of the following indicates project stakeholders current and desired engagement levels? Stakeholder register Stakeholder assessment matrix Power/influence grid Salience model

Stakeholder assessment matrix

Which of the following documents is a very sensitive document that must not be shared outside the project management team? Stakeholder engagement plan Communication management plan Change management plan Scope management plan

Stakeholder engagement plan

Which of the following is NOT a stakeholder management process? Plan Stakeholder Management Identify Stakeholders Manage Stakeholder Engagement Control Stakeholder Management

Control Stakeholder Management

The below organizational process assets are inputs to the Plan Stakeholder Engagement process. Which of the following organizational process assets is of particular importance to this process? Templates Policies and procedures Configuration management knowledgebase Lessons learned from past similar projects

Lessons learned from past similar projects

The ability to invoke discipline is an example of what kind of power? Guilt-based Reward-oriented Referent Punitive

Punitive

The use of flattery is an example of what type of power? Pressure-based Ingratiating Avoiding Referent

Ingratiating

The ability to understand and manage people is an example of what type of personality trait? Social Systemic Political Managerial

Social

Another name for positional power for project managers is informal formal expert punitive

formal

The ability to think abstractly and to innovate is an example of what personality trait? Authentic Cultural Creative Political

Creative

When a project manager participates in networking, connections, and alliances, they are exhibiting Relational power Persuasive power Ingratiating power Personal power

Relational power

The imposition of obligation or sense of duty by the project manager is an example of what type of power? Guilt-based Avoiding Persuasive Ingratiating

Guilt-based

When the project manager explains the essential business aspects of a project they are exhibiting technical project management skills leadership skills strategic and business management skills control feedback

strategic and business management skills

The willingness to serve other people is an example of what personality trait? Service-oriented Social Systemic Intellectual

Service-oriented

Allows the team to make their own decisions is an example of what kind of leadership style? Transformational Transactional Charismatic Laissez-faire

Laissez-faire

Interactional leadership includes which other type of leadership style? Transactional Transformational Charismatic all of the above

all of the above

Which of the following is not one of the 3 dimensions of complexity? System behavior Human Behavior Intellectual Behavior Ambiguity

Intellectual Behavior

Accepting others for what and who they are is an example of what personality trait? Courteous Authentic Cultural Managerial

Authentic

Is there any tool or technique that aids the project management team in effectively developing a project charter? No. Benefit contributions model Various databases Expert judgment

Expert judgment

What are examples of organizational process assets? Previous project schedules. Projected data. Risk responses plans. Cost baselines.

Previous project schedules.

Project Integration Management includes all of the following except Develop Project Charter Develop Resource Plan Close Project Close Phase

Develop Resource Plan

Who is responsible for analyzing information contained in the project scope? The sponsor. The project team. The performing organization. The initiator.

The project team.

Outputs from Develop Project Charter include: WBS high-level risks PDM system PMI system

high-level risks

What document defines how the project will be executed, monitored, and controlled? T & M contract The WBS The Project Management Plan SPI

The Project Management Plan

A _______ would be a subsidiary plan included in the project management plan project control plan risk management plan project scope statement project charter

risk management plan

The Project Management Plan documents planning process outputs, such as how changes will be monitored and controlled. communication techniques among stakeholders. how work will be executed to accomplish objectives. all of the above.

all of the above.

Enterprise Environmental Factors used in developing the Project Management Plan include: governmental standards risk register quality management all of the above

governmental standards

In Develop Project Management Plan, expert judgment is used to tailor the process develop technical details determine resources all of the above

all of the above

Project files containing project scope, cost, schedule, and performance baselines are part of the organizational processes and procedures used for developing histograms avoiding risk developing the project management plan none of the above

developing the project management plan

Which of the following is not a tailoring consideration in Project Integration Management? Change Governance The cost baseline Benefits

The cost baseline

Requirements documentation includes Quality requirements Acceptance criteria Training requirements all of the above

all of the above

Items in the project scope statement include The scope baseline. The WBS dictionary. the WBS. Project constraints.

Project constraints.

Components of the scope baseline include: SBS WBS dictionary Product scope none of the above

WBS dictionary

Imposed dates for specific activity completion or project deliverables are called completion dates. schedule activities. schedule milestones. delivery date.

schedule milestones.

The project scope statement details the needs of the project. is a statement of 'what needs to be done'. states the project objective. defines the potential risks that might deter success.

is a statement of 'what needs to be done'.

A work package is a risk-mitigating component of the WBS. A group of work components performed during the course of a project. a document that defines and describes each component in the WBS. a project work component at the lowest level of the WBS.

a project work component at the lowest level of the WBS.

When developing the product scope description, the project management team must describe deliverables at a summary level or greater detail. define the process and criteria for accepting products. list and describe specific project constraints associated with the project scope that limit options toward product development. provide sufficient detail to support later project scope planning.

provide sufficient detail to support later project scope planning.

What Define Scope output details the project's deliverables and the work required to create the deliverables? The project charter. The project boundaries. The project scope statement. The project scope management plan.

The project scope statement.

Tools and techniques used to define scope include product review. expert judgment. alternative factors. all of the above.

expert judgment.

The project scope baseline contains the initial WBS. Capital investment control. Human resources Project procedures.

the initial WBS.

A project manager uses the WBS To see how planned activities are related to overall performance. To see how planned activities are related to overall budgeting and scheduling. To see who is responsible for designated planned activities. All of the above.

All of the above.

A WBS is A hierarchy that defines and organizes project work. A technique for evaluating a component or product during a project phase. A common approach to implementing a quality improvement project program. A contractual component that designates how activity time and materials are used throughout the duration of the project.

A hierarchy that defines and organizes project work.

Project Requirements can include security requirements. business requirements. technical requirements. all of the above.

all of the above.

Scheduled work, cost estimates, and work to be monitored and controlled, are contained in the WBS dictionary. the lowest level WBS components. work performance reports. the scope baseline.

the lowest level WBS components.

Resources used to define scope include: consultants stakeholders industry groups all of the above

all of the above

The project management plan is updated and revised Through the Monitor and Control of Project Work process. Through the Direct Project Execution process. Through the Integrated Change Control process. Through the Project Management Plan process.

Through the Integrated Change Control process.

A configuration management system is seldom used provides a way to manage changes within a project is controlled by the sponsor none of the above

provides a way to manage changes within a project

Performing Integrated Change control includes: reviewing corrective actions denying preventative actions approving preventative actions all of the above

all of the above

Managing project work requires implementing changes associated with corrective action preventative action defect repair all of the above

all of the above

_______ are produced as outputs from the processes performed to accomplish the project work planned and scheduled in the project management plan. Plans Scopes Objectives Deliverables

Deliverables

Outputs from managing project execution include: deliverable status cost incurred proactive actions all of the above

deliverable status

What types of actions do the project manager and project team perform to execute the project management plan to accomplish work defined in the project scope statement? Pareto analysis Review risks Contact stakeholders None of the above

Review risks

Outputs from Validate Scope include: accepted delivery. change approvals. project document updates. none of the above.

project document updates.

Variance analysis is used to define scope. control scope. collect requirements. define risk.

control scope.

The foundation has to be built before the house framing can begin. This is an example of an external dependency. soft or preferred logic. hard logic. discretionary dependency.

hard logic.

What type of precedence relationship is the least used? Start-to-Finish. Finish-to-Start. Start-to-Start. Finish-to-Finish.

Start-to-Finish.

What type of precedence relationship completion of the successor activity depends on the initiation of the predecessor activity? Start-to-Finish. Finish-to-Start. Start-to-Start. Finish-to-Finish.

Start-to-Finish.

Testing schedule activity software is dependent upon delivery of the hardware. Conducting an environmental impact study must be done before a project is constructed near a wetlands area. These are examples of Soft logic dependencies. Forgone dependencies. External dependencies. Internal dependencies.

External dependencies.

What type of precedence relationship is the most commonly used? Start-to-Finish. Finish-to-Start. Start-to-Start. Finish-to-Finish.

Finish-to-Start.

A logical relationship in which a successor activity cannot start until a predecessor activity has finished is Start-to-Start Start-to-Finish Finish-to-Start Finish-to-Finish

Finish-to-Start

What characterizes the Start-to-Start dependency? The successor activity depends on the initiation of the predecessor activity. Initiation of the successor activity depends upon the completion of the predecessor activity. Initiation of the successor activity depends upon the initiation of the predecessor activity. Completion of the successor activity depends upon the completion of the predecessor activity.

Initiation of the successor activity depends upon the initiation of the predecessor activity.

What helps to minimize scope creep? Punitive measures Lassiez-faire management Task alignment Time-boxing

Time-boxing

A logical relationship in which a successor activity cannot finish until a predecessor activity has finished is: Start-to-Start Start-to-Finish Finish-to-Finish Finish-to-Start

Finish-to-Finish

What type of sequence dependencies involve physical limitations, such as having to complete one activity before the next one can begin? External. Mandatory. Internal. Discretionary.

Mandatory.

Discretionary dependencies usually are based on best practices. involve both project and non-project activities. are referred to as hard logic. never rely on historical project data.

are based on best practices.

Types of dependencies, or precedence relationships, PDM (Precedence Diagramming Method) uses include: Start-to-Finish. Beginning-to-Completion. Start-to-Interval-to-End. Start-to-Phase-to-Phase-to-Finish.

Start-to-Finish.

Tools and Techniques used in Estimate Activity Durations include all except Associative estimating Analagous estimating Three-point estimating Bottom-up estimating

Associative estimating

_______is/ are updated to include the defined logical relationships and any associated leads and lags. The project schedule network diagrams The activity list Activity attributes Requested changes

Activity attributes

Given a finish-to-start dependency, the project manger finds he has to build in a 28-day _____ period into the project schedule to ensure a concrete foundation has cured. lead gap break lag

lag

Inputs to Estimate Activity Durations include all except Activity attributes Change log Assumptions log Activity list

Change log

In Schedule Management, scaling factors to consider for agile environments include all except team size geographical distribution regulatory compliance industrial landscape

industrial landscape

Earned value, red-yellow-green, and percentage complete are examples of progress tracking product novelty project complexity pace

progress tracking

Tools used to sequence activities include: PDM frequency determination sequence tags all of the above

PDM

The project management team has fifteen days remaining to put the contract out to bid. 90% of the contract is complete. The word processing team begins editing and compilation while the design team finalizes the special provision section and plan inserts. The project manager gave his team some _____ by giving the bulk of what was done to word processing to begin their work. The project manager has increased the probability that the contract will go out on time, since word processing will only have the special provision section to finish when it is ready. breathing room buffer lead time lag time

lead time

Determining the cause, magnitude, and corrective action of a _______ is an important element of Control Costs project, phase, or activity phase overrun budget underrun variance

variance

The total funds required are those included in the cost baseline plus the management contingency reserve amount. Funding requirements derived from the cost baseline can be established to allow for early progress. negate funds for cost overruns. act continuously. increase cash flow when the project is completed.

allow for early progress.

The ________ method is helpful for cost control, resource management, and production, and compares the budgeted cost of work performed to the cost of planned and actual work performed. actual cost earned value estimated value planned value

earned value

_______ includes influencing the factors that create cost baseline changes, managing actual changes when they occur, and monitoring cost performance to detect variances from the cost baseline. Estimate costs Determine budget Control costs Cost contingency

Control costs

Work performance information the project manager uses in controlling costs includes Authorized and incurred costs. Project scope assumptions. Constraint estimates. All of the above.

Authorized and incurred costs.

Inputs the project manager uses to control costs include All of the above/below. The project management and cost management plans. Project funding requirements. Work performance data.

All of the above/below.

Control cost outputs include Work efforts Project charter Change requests all of the above

Change requests

______ are time-phased budgets and components of the project management plan that overall cost performance is measured against. Cost aggregates Cost management plans Cash flow controls Cost baselines

Cost baselines

The project team is in the final test phases of a systems project, when one of the senior technical designers informs the project manager of a significant design glitch. The product is due to be released within weeks, and the cost and schedule overruns will be extreme without a guarantee of meeting the target rollout date. What should the project manager do? Call a project team meeting to brainstorm possible urgent solutions to the problem. Pass the decision onto higher management. Push the project through and release it on the scheduled target date, with a disclaimer that upgrades will follow. Stop work and launch a full review of the system.

Call a project team meeting to brainstorm possible urgent solutions to the problem.

Cost/schedule control systems are typically required when subcontractors work on government contracts. Information requirements that must be demonstrated by the cost/schedule control system include Functional costs and schedules. Estimated and budgeted costs at completion. Forecasted work and costs. Budget and schedule monitoring and control

Estimated and budgeted costs at completion.

Information required for the cost/schedule control system includes estimated cost. budgeted cost. knowing when the tasks are scheduled and if actual costs differ from budgeted costs. all of the above.

all of the above.

During brainstorming sessions, many ideas are introduced in an effort to gather all plausible solutions. In one instance, a project team engages in a brainstorming session led by a senior team member who voluntarily designates to the recorder which ideas should be documented for further discussion, and which ideas are irrelevant, have little merit and will consume too much time. She also says the team will stay there until they have the list narrowed down to a "top three solutions" list, if it takes all morning. What is wrong with the brainstorming procedure? There should not be a time limit on the session. The session should be informal and all ideas should be documented. Nothing is wrong with the session structure. The session should not have a leader, but rather a facilitator.

The session should be informal and all ideas should be documented.

Any schedule, technical performance, or cost deviation from a specific plan, which is used by all levels of management to verify the budgeting and scheduling systems is a variance. an undistributed budget. a threshold. an assumption.

a variance.

Why is it necessary to compare budgeting and scheduling system variance together? The scheduling variance does not address actual performance. The scheduling variance does not include costs. The cost variance includes a measured comparison between work scheduled and work accomplished, which the scheduling variance does not. The cost variance compares both the budget and work performance.

The scheduling variance does not include costs.

Project cost control may be effectively implemented when the comprehensive cost summary is divided into work packages. historical data is acted on throughout project duration. the project manager exclusively resolves problems or develops opportunities. stakeholders and sponsors are assigned to resolve problems and troubleshoot changes.

the comprehensive cost summary is divided into work packages.

During a routing meeting, the discussion becomes heated. The participants are evenly divided on what should be done about the overcrowded workspace. Those who are budget-conscious believe laying off workers and outsourcing is most beneficial. Those who are more socially sensitive contend relocating to a larger office space to accommodate the employees is a better solution. How should this decision be made? Short- and long-term capital benefits must take precedence. Based on past experiences of the senior members of the discussion. Based on how the competition has handled similar situations. Based on facts, obligations, and long-term as well as short-term overall effects on the firm.

Based on facts, obligations, and long-term as well as short-term overall effects on the firm.

Before deliverables are accepted, the ______ , which includes performance requirements and essential conditions, must be met. Acceptance criteria Thresholds Benchmarks Milestones

Acceptance criteria

A measurement is an actual value. a defined parameter. a quality planning tool. a control standard.

an actual value.

_______ provide the project manager with a basis to measure performance Design experiments Process analyses Benchmarks Work performance information

Benchmarks

Based on definitions of "metric" and "measurement," "quality metrics" include Risk. Defect prevention. Failure rate. Conformity.

Failure rate.

What signifies the deliverables have met the needs of the customer? Benchmark approval. Acceptance of the quality baseline. Formal acceptance. Project payment.

Formal acceptance.

A tool used in Control Quality is Data gathering Data analysis Inspection All of the above

All of the above

Cost-benefit tradeoffs are primary concerns of the project manager. The primary benefit(s) achieved when the quality requirements of the project are met is Less rework. Higher productivity. Stakeholder satisfaction. All of the above.

All of the above.

A metric is A quality objective. An actual measurement. a definition of what something is and how it is measured. Verification that a set of required steps have been performed.

a definition of what something is and how it is measured.

What quality planning technique helps optimize products and processes by identifying which factors may influence specific products or processes under development or production? Performance designing. Design of experiments. Issue logging. Design of experience.

Design of experiments.

A Quality Management Plan may be formal informal detailed all of the above

all of the above

What quality planning technique creates a visual diagram of system process inputs, process actions, and outputs for a project? Affinity diagramming. Decision-making. Analysis. Flowcharting.

Flowcharting.

A Plan Quality Management technique that involves a group of members and general data gathering, used to identify risks or solutions, is brainstorming. decision-making. analysis. flowcharting.

brainstorming.

______ costs are total costs incurred by investing in preventing nonconformance to requirements or reworking. Cost of quality Management quality Failure costs Process improvement

Cost of quality

What is the benefit of performing an independent quality management peer review? cost reduction rework avoidance all of the above none of the above

all of the above

A RACI chart is seldom used used to ensure clear assignment of roles and responsibilities only used on programs is similar to a histogram

used to ensure clear assignment of roles and responsibilities

______ determines the method and timing of releasing team members, to effect smooth project phase transitions, improve morale, and optimize time and budget. Staff release plan Schedule management A timetable Resource management

Staff release plan

To be effective, a planned recognition and rewards system should be based on ________ under a person's control. activities and schedules schedule and performance activities and performance behavior and activities

activities and performance

What is the purpose of having resource calendars? To make changing the staffing management plan easier. To improve cohesiveness within the team. To update the project charter more effectively. To create a reliable final schedule.

To create a reliable final schedule.

What should be considered when planning the acquisition of project team members? Budget. Available sources. Internal and external assistance. All of the above.

All of the above.

The resource management plan must be updated when roles and responsibilities change. when there are changes in the project scope. weekly. after each project.

when roles and responsibilities change.

Negotiating staff assignments on projects is common. How does the project management team influence staff assignments for a project? They demand the majority of the work be performed in-house, and only by known competent performers. They negotiate with a functional manager to ensure their project receives competent staff for the duration of the project. They negotiate with outside contractors to do activities the internal staff does not want to do, at less cost. They request upper management ensure they get the best people for their project, regardless if the people are currently assigned to other project management teams.

They negotiate with a functional manager to ensure their project receives competent staff for the duration of the project.

What should a project manager do when there is no in-house staff available to complete the project? Delay the project until personnel becomes available. Acquire needed services from outside sources. Assign the entire job to a consultant. Cancel the project.

Acquire needed services from outside sources.

What characterizes "effective teamwork"? Cooperation. Communication. Information sharing. All of the above.

All of the above.

The most important factor to have and implement if you are going to successfully use a virtual team on a project is Explicit authority and direction. Effective risk management policies. Good communication. Stringent quality control.

Good communication.

Training strategies, rewards, feedback, and disciplinary actions are part of, and added to, the ________ . Develop Reward Plan Develop Team Cost Reward Plan Recognition Plan

Develop Team

Tools and techniques for Acquire Resources include post-assignment confrontation negotiation all of the above

negotiation

Are there any real benefits to using virtual teams on projects? No. Time, coordination, communication, and management costs outweigh the savings and member convenience. Yes. It reduces travel expenses, accommodates handicap workers, and adds special expertise from those in remote locations. No. There is not enough control or quality planning. Yes. Time spent monitoring and controlling staff is reduced, freeing up managers to concentrate on other projects.

Yes. It reduces travel expenses, accommodates handicap workers, and adds special expertise from those in remote locations.

What ensures greater success of team development? When efforts are begun early. When historical events are used in developing current teams. Training. Rotating roles and responsibilities until the project manager finds the "right fit."

When efforts are begun early.

Pre-assignment of project team members occurs When particular expertise is needed. When the budget is severely limited. When specific people are promised as part of a no-bid proposal. When there are no competing projects.

When particular expertise is needed.

Which of the following is not one of the 5 stages of development in the Tuckman ladder? Forming Norming Storming Conforming

Conforming

What officially denotes the project has been staffed? When project team members are inserted into the project management plan and organizational charts and schedules. When the project budget has been approved for the resources and payroll. When the project begins. When in-house members have been selected and only specific outside expertise is needed.

When project team members are inserted into the project management plan and organizational charts and schedules.

A virtual team is/are: A specialized consultant who achieves project completion by working and documenting offsite. A project team whose members are physically located in different areas, who conduct their project roles from those locations, but who meet regularly in a central location to discuss project progress. groups who share a project goal, who fulfill their roles with little or no face-to-face meetings. a project team comprised of consultants, subcontractors, and off-site documentation, coordinating the project based on milestone meeting dates.

groups who share a project goal, who fulfill their roles with little or no face-to-face meetings.

What are the primary objectives a project manager tries to accomplish through the Develop Team process? Acquire the best outside expertise for each project. Improve team members' competencies and interactions. Develop and implement effective conflict management. Maintain preventive and corrective action plans for human resource activities.

Improve team members' competencies and interactions.

The project manager has coffee with the supervisor of the project, who commends the project team for expediting project progress. The project manager sends an email to the project team members to convey the satisfaction of the stakeholder. The email is an overall example of what type of communication? external and informal internal and formal internal and informal external and formal

internal and informal

As part of the communications process, who is responsible for making information clear and complete so the receiver can receive it correctly? The project manager. The sender. The communications manager. The receiver.

The sender.

How is information gathered and retrieved? From office files and manual filing systems. Electronically. Through PM software. All of the above.

All of the above.

Communication technology factors that impact the project include stakeholder communications requirements. the availability and capabilities of the technology. the frequency of the communications. the cost to value of the communications systems.

the availability and capabilities of the technology.

Outputs from Manage Communications include: project communications project management plan updates project document updates all of the above

all of the above

What type of communication is an internal, horizontally circulated memo? A project-related brief from the project manager to the media. Ad hoc compliments from the customer to project manager about project team's performance. An email memo about the project. A formal project-related communication among team members.

A formal project-related communication among team members.

The receiver is responsible for collecting and distributing information. giving information to stakeholders. ensuring the information is correctly understood. giving feedback to the sender.

ensuring the information is correctly understood.

Lessons learned meetings focus on Requested changes. Schedule completions. Identifying project successes and failures. Feedback from stakeholders.

Identifying project successes and failures.

Project information can be distributed by almost any method EXCEPT through ad hoc and general conversation. at project meetings. by video and web conferencing. by email, voice mail, or portals.

through ad hoc and general conversation.

Information distribution is NOT information sharing. analysis. collection. distribution.

analysis.

What information is contained in the communications management plan? Information to be communicated. General level of noise factors. Required communication management skills. Methods of reporting risk.

Information to be communicated.

A communication management plan can be: formal informal detailed all of the above

all of the above

In Communications Management, identified lessons learned include _______. causes of issues histograms top-down charts none of the above

causes of issues

Formal and informal project reports detail the project status and inputs. project status, and include lessons learned. project closure report and historical database. project inputs and outputs.

project status, and include lessons learned.

Project records should include: Standard business policies and procedures. Closure reports. Correspondence and memos. Project team members' individual and collective performance reports.

Correspondence and memos.

Lessons learned documentation output that becomes part of the historical project and performance database includes: Formal and informal project and status reports. causes for failures and corrective actions. Feedback from all the stakeholders. Project team members' project diaries and reports, and changes.

causes for failures and corrective actions.

How are lessons learned during the project life cycle handled? They are reviewed and discussed. They are documented and distributed. Feedback meetings are scheduled. They are updated and sent to engineering.

They are documented and distributed.

If the project yields less than desirable results, the project manager has a professional obligation to hold a lessons learned session. Attendees should include Internal stakeholders. External stakeholders. All key stakeholders. Upper management and internal stakeholders.

All key stakeholders.

Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding the project stakeholders? Engaging stakeholders increases the probability of project success Stakeholders influence on the project is highest during the early stages of the project The responsibility of stakeholder engagement lies with the project manager Project stakeholders do not include the project management team members

Project stakeholders do not include the project management team members

Which of the following is an executing process from the project stakeholder knowledge area? Identify Stakeholders Plan Stakeholder Management Manage Stakeholder Engagement Control Stakeholder Engagement

Manage Stakeholder Engagement

What organizational process assets are used in Identify Risks? The project scope statement. Previous project files. Schedule and cost information. Plans, assumptions, and constraints information.

Previous project files.

Risk identification is an iterative process because it typically leads to risk response analysis new risks become known as the project progresses. it can be used in qualitative analysis. it guarantees effective risk response.

new risks become known as the project progresses.

A grid that maps the probability of each risk occurrence and its impact on project objectives if that risk occurs is: impact relative impact probability and impact matrix impact matrix

probability and impact matrix

The risk management plan includes reasoning methodology cost none of the above

methodology

The period of time that may elapse after a risk has occurred before its impact is discovered is Urgency Proximity Connectivity Dormancy

Dormancy

The risk management plan reporting formats describe the ______ which defines how the outcomes of the process will be documented, analyzed, and communicated. risk identification output qualitative and quantitative analysis scope of risk content and format of the risk register

content and format of the risk register

The Probability and Impact Matrix chart is used To determine the degree of risk impact compared to similar past project risk impacts. To prioritize risks. To see causes of risks. To determine probability.

To prioritize risks.

The ______ scale reflects the significance of negative threats or positive opportunities on each project objective. impact relative impact non-linear impact matrix

impact

The quality and credibility of the qualitative risk analysis process requires varying levels of the risk______ duration and significance to the project. scope and degree. probabilities and impacts. significance and impact.

probabilities and impacts.

Risks are typically prioritized by Time impact. Potential time and cost expenditures. Impact to project objectives. organization's and stakeholders' criteria.

Impact to project objectives.

What enterprise environmental factor inputs are used in Identify Risks? Commercial databases. Benchmark information. Industry studies. All of the above.

All of the above.

_____ risks determines which risks might affect the project and documents their characteristics. Identify Analyze Plan Monitor and control

Identify

______ contribute to the effectiveness and quality of risk identification Risk categories Budgeting factors Budgeting categories Roles and responsibilities

Risk categories

The ______ hierarchically organizes identified project risks arranged by risk category and subcategory that identifies the areas and causes of potential risks. WBS PBS RRS RBS

RBS (Resource Breakdown Structure)

Who should be responsible for risk identification activities? The project manager, project team members, and those responsible for directly managing project risks. The organization and stakeholders. Risk management experts. All project personnel.

All project personnel.

______ documents how all elements of risk activities will be recorded for current project and future project needs, and lessons learned. Tracking Information Report Probability and impact

Tracking

_______ contracts may include incentive clauses where the seller receives an incentive or bonus payment if project objectives are met or exceeded. Cost-reimbursable Cost-plus-incentive Cost-plus-fixed price Cost-plus

Cost-reimbursable

"Buy" decision analyses include both direct and indirect costs. The buy-side of the analysis includes out of pocket costs to purchase costs for risk analysis cost avoidance cost estimates

out of pocket costs to purchase

_______ contracts are hybrid contractual agreements that are combined cost-reimbursable and fixed-price contracts based on duration of performance and the exact quantity of items to be delivered. Cost-plus-fixed-fee Time and materials Cost-plus-incentive-fee Cost-plus-percentage-of-cost-fee

Time and materials

Any project budget constraints are _____ the make-or-buy decision. separate from subtracted from divisions of factored into

factored into

A contract that only pays the majority of the fee based on satisfaction of certain broad subjective performance criteria is: Time and materials Cost plus award fee Cost plus incentive fee Cost plus fixed fee

Cost plus award fee

Cost-plus-incentive-fee contracts reimburse the seller for allowable costs for performing the contract work plus a fixed percentage for meeting or exceeding contract requirements. a graduated fee based on early schedule completion milestones. a fee calculated as an agreed-upon percentage of costs. a predetermined fee based on achieving certain performance objectives.

a predetermined fee based on achieving certain performance objectives.

______ are "hard costs" that include labor, subcontractors, and materials Project overhead Company overhead Direct costs Indirect costs

Direct costs

______ contracts reimburse the seller for allowable costs for performing the contract work plus a fixed fee payment calculated as a percentage of the estimated project costs. Cost-plus-fixed-fee. Cost-plus-incentive-fee. Cost-plus-percentage-of-cost-fee. Time and materials

Cost-plus-fixed-fee.

______ contracts involve payment to the seller for the seller's actual costs, plus a fee, which typically represents the seller's profit Cost-plus Lump sum Fixed-price Cost-reimbursable

Cost-reimbursable

A purchase order for a specified item to be delivered by a specified date for a specified price is the simplest form of a ______ contract. contractual provisions lump sum fixed-price cost-reimbursable

fixed-price

Expert judgment is used to assess inputs and outputs from the plan procurement management process. What else is it used for in this process? To create seller incentive. To more effectively coordinate project procurements. To evaluate buyer and seller risk. To develop criteria used to evaluate sellers' proposals.

To develop criteria used to evaluate sellers' proposals.

A type of cost that is considered indirect, or overhead is: Vehicle expense. A foreman's salary. Loss from selling equipment. Any of the above.

Any of the above.

How are indirect costs calculated? According to the straight-line method. As a percentage of direct costs. By the accrual method. On a net income basis.

As a percentage of direct costs.