Practice questions lecture 6

Question 1

Which area of autorhythmic cells being solely intact/functioning would cause the most severe cardiac related symptoms?

Answer 1

Bundle of His/Purkinje fibers

Question 2

Which path is longer, the interatrial or internodal pathway?

Answer 2

Interatrial

Question 3

The refractory period of cardiac muscle is ______ compared to the duration of the contraction.

Answer 3

Long

Question 4

What area of autorhythmic cells fires at a rate of 40-60
APs per minute?

Answer 4

AV node

Question 5

What rate do the bundle of His/ purkinje fibers fire at?

Answer 5

20-40

Question 6

Action potential arrives at AV node ________ after SA node firing

Answer 6

30ms

Question 7

Where do the 4 major EKG leads go?

Answer 7

1) Right arm white
2) Right leg green
3) Left arm black
4) Left leg red

Question 8

What does the T wave represent?

Answer 8

Ventricular repolarization

Question 9

True or false? The SA node does not generate enough activity to reach the body surface, so it is not seen on an EKG.

Answer 9

True

Question 10

What does the PR segment of an EKG represent?

Answer 10

AV nodal delay

Question 11

What part of an EKG represents ventricular plateau phase?

Answer 11

ST segment

Question 12

_______ elongation can be caused by Zofran and Z-pack

Answer 12

QT

Question 13

Use 2 words to describe fibrillation

Answer 13

Rapid and irregular

Question 14

What EKG abnormality is described as necrosis due to lack of O2/blood?

Answer 14

Infarction

Question 15

An abnormality where the ventricles occasionally fail to be stimulated is called?

Answer 15

Block

Question 16

The time between ventricular repolarization and another atrial depolarization is called?

Answer 16

Mid-ventricular Diastole

Question 17

The SA node reaches threshold and fires (atria contract) during which stage?

Answer 17

Late ventricular diastole

Question 18

The end-diastolic volume of the ventricles (maximum amount of blood) is what?

Answer 18

135mL

Question 19

The AV valves close and the ventricles contract when?

Answer 19

Onset of ventricular systole

Question 20

What stage of heart contraction are all valves closed and no blood is entering or leaving?

Answer 20

Isovolumetric ventricular contraction

Question 21

When does isovolumetric ventricular contraction occur?

Answer 21

Right after the onset of ventricular systole

Question 22

What is the amount of blood pumped out of the ventricle with each contraction?

Answer 22

Stroke volume

Question 23

End-systolic volume averages ____, while stroke volume averages around ______.

Answer 23

65mL, 70mL

Question 24

What equals stroke volume?

Answer 24

EDV - ESV

Question 25

For ventricular filling to begin, ______________ pressure falls below _____________ pressure

Answer 25

ventricular; atrial

Question 26

When does isovolumetric ventricular relaxation occur?

Answer 26

Onset of ventricular diastole

Question 27

What does the QRS complex of the cardiac cycle represent?

Answer 27

Ventricular depolarization

Question 28

What is occurring during atrial depolarization (P-wave)?

Answer 28

Atria are contracting and forcing blood into ventricles

Question 29

What occurs during the QRS complex?

Answer 29

Ventricular depolarization; ventricular contraction closes AV valves

Question 30

What occurs during ventricular repolarization (t wave)?

Answer 30

SL valves open and blood is ejected from ventricles

Question 31

Systole lasts _________ms, diastole lasts ____________ms

Answer 31

300ms; 500ms

Question 32

True or false? Systole is longer than diastole.

Answer 32

False

Question 33

When heart rate is rapid, which phase of the cardiac cycle is shortened?

Answer 33

Diastole

Question 34

Total cardiac output equals what times what?

Answer 34

SV x heart rate

Question 35

Heart rate determined primarily by what?

Answer 35

Autonomic influence on SA node

Question 36

How does stimulation of the vagus nerve impact the heart?

Answer 36

Decrease HR, increase AV node refractory period, increase PR (pulse rate)

Question 37

How does norepinephrine from sympathetic nerves binding to B1 receptors affect the heart?

Answer 37

Increase HR, decrease AV refractory period, decrease PR, increase contractility (SV)

Question 38

____________________ law states that when the volume of blood in the ________________ increases, the stroke volume also increases?

Answer 38

Frank-Starling law; ventricles

Question 39

What are heart sounds caused by?

Answer 39

Vibrations in the ventricles and major arteries

Question 40

True or false? AV valves close during S1, while semilunar valves close during S2.

Answer 40

True

Question 41

What is the most common cause of turbulence?

Answer 41

Valve malfunction

Question 42

What kind of sound does a stenotic valve produce?

Answer 42

Whistling

Question 43

Frank-starling law: Increased venous return increases ______________ volume

Answer 43

stroke

Question 44

True or false: Different activities result in differences in venous return

Answer 44

True

Question 45

Cardiac muscle fiber length is determined by what?

Answer 45

EDV

Question 46

What causes MI in 50% of deaths?

Answer 46

Coronary artery disease

Question 47

Greater EDV (greater filling) = ______________ force of contraction

Answer 47

greater

Question 48

Is S1 or S2 low-pitched, soft, and long?

Answer 48

S1

Question 49

What sound does an insufficient/ incompetent valve produce?

Answer 49

Gurgling, swishing

Question 50

Do insufficient valves cause regurgitation, or stenotic valves?

Answer 50

Insufficient

Question 51

What kind of sound does a stenotic valve produce?

Answer 51

Whistling

Question 52

_______ murmurs occur between first and second heart sounds while _______ murmurs occur between second and first heart sounds.

Answer 52

Systolic, Diastolic

Question 53

A whistling systolic murmur could be what?

Answer 53

Aortic/pulmonary stenosis

Question 54

True or false? Diastolic HF is when the heart can’t fully fill, while systolic HF is when the heart can’t fully pump.

Answer 54

True

Question 55

Name the 3 mechanisms caused by the condition that causes MI in 50% of deaths

Answer 55

Vascular spasm Atherosclerosis Thromboembolism

Question 56

Contractility decreases in what type of heart failure?

Answer 56

Systolic

Question 57

Decompensation and congestive heart failure where talked about in the context of ____________ heart failure

Answer 57

systolic