Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Host and Defense COPY > Protein synthesis inhibs-Antimicrobials > Flashcards

Protein synthesis inhibs-Antimicrobials Flashcards

1
Q

70 S ribosomes made up of a 30 s subunit and a 50 S subunit are found in?

A

Prokaryotes

*80 S with 40 s and 60 S subunits in Eukaryotes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

High doses of drugs that interfere with protein synthesis can also interfere with what human component?

A 
Human Mitochondria (closely resemble bacterial ribosomes) 
because they are affected the host will usually exhibit metabolic symptoms like low energy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Gentamycin, amikacin, tobramycin, streptomycin and neomycin are all what type of protein synthesis inhibitor?

A

Aminoglycosides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Tetracyline, doxycycline, minocycline, and tigecycline are all what type of protein synthesis inhibitor?

A

Tetracyclines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Erythromycin, clarithromycin and azithromycin are all what type of protein synthesis inhibitor?

A

Macrolides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Though they do not fall into a specific category, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, linezolid quiniprositin/dalfopristin and mupirocin are what type of drugs?

A

Protein synthesis inhibitors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What type of drugs bind the 30 S ribosomal subunit to block initiation, prematurely terminate, and cause misreads in translation?

A

Aminoglycosides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Having a post-antibiotic effect and bactericidal properties, aminoglycosides are given through IV of IM (not oral) to combat what type of organisms?

A

Severe Aerobic gram (-) (ie. Pseudomonas aeroginosa)

*Neomycin is used topically because of nephrotoxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the 5 main aminoglycosides and their administration?

A

1-Streptomycin (IM/IV, high resistance to this)
2-Gentamycin (IV, most commonly used)
3-Amikacin (IM/IV, broadest spectrum)
4-Tobramycin (IM/IV, pseudomonas aeruginosa)
5-Neomycin (topical, can be enema to detoxify colon)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are some adverse effects of tetracyclines?

A

1-Hairy tongue
2-Teeth staining
3-headache
4-metallic taste

*avoid with alcohol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What class of drugs do Erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin belong to?

A

Macrolides (ketolides)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Why are macrolides dangerous in the liver?

A

all but azithromycin inhibit CYP450 which can cause accumulation of drugs metabolized by these enzymes.

*azithro has longest half-life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Affective against Gram (+) cocci, which drug may lead to pseudomembranous colitis and is antagonistic if co-administered with macrolides?

A

Clindamycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Bactericidal agains streptococci and bacteriostatic agains enterococci and staphylococci, which drug is generally well tolerated but may cause serotonin syndrome in patients taking SSRIs?

A

Linezolid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Used only for serious infections of multi drug resistant gram (+) organisms, which drug binds 50 s subunit and does not need dose adjustment in renal insufficiency?

A

Quinuprostin/Dalfopristin (30:70 ratio) (Streptogramins)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which drug is unique in that it reversible inhibits transfer-RNA synthetase enzyme and is bactericidal?

A

Mupirocin (bactroban)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which two classes of drug bind the 30s subunit?

A

Aminoglycosides and Tetracyclines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which 5 drugs/categories bind the 50s subunit?

A 
1-Chloramphenicol
2-Clindamycin
3-Macrolides
4-Linezolid
5-streptogramins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Mneumonic for Aminoglycosides?

A

MEAN (amine) GNATS canNOT kill anaerobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

mneumonic for tetracyclines?

A

VACUUM THe BedRoom

21
Q

Which drugs/groups are bacteriostatic?

A
  • Tetracyclines
  • Chloramphenicol
  • Macrolides
  • Linezolid
  • Streptogramins
22
Q

Which drugs/groups are bactericidal?

A
  • Mupirocin

- Aminoglycosides

23
Q

What is the most commonly used Aminoglycoside?

A

gentamycin

24
Q

What is the broadest spectrum Aminoglycoside?

A

amikacin

25
Q

What aminoglycoside treats P. aeuginosa?

A

Tobramycin

26
Q

What aminoglycoside is topical only because it is toxic systemically?

A

neomycin

27
Q

Are aminoglycosides -cidal or -static and how often are they dosed?

A

cidal

dosed once per day

28
Q

What toxicities are associated with aminoglycosides?

A

ototoxicity
nephrotoxicities so we reduce doses especially in patients with impaired renal function
neruomuscular paralysis
contact dermatitis
teratogenic (don’t give to pregnant people)

29
Q

What is functional accumulation when it comes to Aminoglycosides?

A

if you have had aminoglycosides recently and get them again the toxicity can build

30
Q

Tetracycline, doxyclycline, minocycline, tigecycline are all what class of drug?

A

tetracyclines

31
Q

What is the mechanism of Tetracyclines?

A

inhibits 30 S subunit to preven attachment of the aminoacyl tRNA

32
Q

are Tetracyclines -cidal or -static?

A

static

33
Q

what skin condition is treated by Tetracylcine?

A

acne vlugaris

34
Q

Which tetracycline is effective even in tetracycline resistant situations?

A

Tigecycline

35
Q

Tetracycline can concentrate where?

A

teeth and bones

36
Q

What happens when you drink and take Tetracycline?

A

Disulfram-like effect - you feel just awful hangover

37
Q

Tetracycline can cause what superinfection?

A

Pseudomembranous colitis - diarrhea due to C. Dif overgrowth

38
Q

What are the adverse oral effects of Tetracyclines?

A

hairy tongue

deposition in bone and primary dentition

39
Q

T/F Tigecycline has activity against MRSA, multidrug resistant Strep. Pneumo and Vancomycin resistant enterococci

A

True

40
Q

Why was Tigecycline developed?

A

to overcome Tetracycline resistance in complicated skin, soft tissue and intra-abdominal infections

41
Q

what is the mechanism of macrolides?

A

binds irreversibly to 50S subuint

42
Q

What is the safest group of Antimicrobials?

A

Macrolides

43
Q

Azithromycin is the prefered therapy for urethritis caused by what?

A

Chlamydia

44
Q

What is the mechanism of Chloramphenicol?

A

inhibits 50 S peptidyltransferase

45
Q

Chloramphenicol is bacteriostatic to all bacteria except what?

A

H. Flu (bacteriocidal)

46
Q

What do we limit Chloramphenicol treatment to?

A

serious infections where penicillin can’t be used due to allergy (because chloramphenicol is toxic)

47
Q

What are the Clinical uses of Linezolid?

A

treatment of Vancymycin resistant E. Faecium (VRE)
nosocomial pneumonia caused by S. Aureus or MRSA
Community acquired pneumonia
complicated skin infections caused by strep, staph, and MRSA

48
Q

How is Mupirocin (Bactroban) given?

A

Topically

49
Q

What is Mupirocin used for?

A

treatment of MRSA and Methicilin resistant S. pyogenes skin lesion

Host and Defense COPY (81 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions