Quiz 7 - Nervous Tissue

Question 1

overview of nervous system

Answer 1

• control and adjust the activities of other organs

- relatively swift and brief responses

Question 2

two parts of nervous system

Answer 2

central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

Question 3

CNS

Answer 3

• brain and spinal cord

- integration, processing and command center

Question 4

PNS

Answer 4

• nerves

- carries messages to and from CNS

Question 5

two different types of functions

Answer 5

afferent/sensory division or efferent/motor divison

Question 6

afferent/sensory division

Answer 6

nerve fibers that carry information from sense organs TO the CNS

Question 7

efferent/motor division

Answer 7

nerve fibers that carry information FROM the CNS

Question 8

where does efferent/motor division send information to

Answer 8

somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system

Question 9

somatic nervous system

Answer 9

(voluntary) - skeletal muscles

Question 10

autonomic nervous system

Answer 10

(involuntary) - cardiac and smooth muscles, glands

Question 11

parasympathetic

Answer 11

“rest and digest” system

Question 12

sympathetic

Answer 12

“fight or flight” system

Question 13

neurons

Answer 13

nerve cells - specialized to transmit electrical impulses

Question 14

cell body

Answer 14

contains nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes and other organelles

• metabolic center of cell
• contains large nucleus and nucleolus

Question 15

dendrites

Answer 15

stimulated by environment changes or the activities of other cells

• processes conduct impulses TO the cell body
• receives information from other neurons

Question 16

axon

Answer 16

conducts nerve impulses (action potential) toward synaptic terminals

Question 17

axon hillock

Answer 17

tapering section of cell body from which axon arises; generates action potentials (electrical signal)

Question 18

conducting region

Answer 18

carries electrical signals in one direction toward synaptic terminals

Question 19

synaptic terminals

Answer 19

secrete neurotransmitters (chemical messengers) to another neuron or effector

Question 20

neuralgia of CNS

Answer 20

“nerve glue”

• general functions: support, insulate and protecting neurons
• smaller than neurons - helper cells for neurons

Question 21

ependymal cells

Answer 21

• line the central cavities of the brain and spinal cord

- usually assist in monitoring composition of and circulating cerebrospinal fluid

Question 22

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Answer 22

fluid circulated in the nervous system that transport dissolved gases, nutrients, wastes, etc.
- acts as ‘cushion’

Question 23

astrocytes

Answer 23

• most abundant, versatile and highly branched glial cells

- cling to neurons and capillaries

Question 24

things astrocytes do

Answer 24

• maintain the blood brain barrier
• create 3-D framework for CNS
• repair damaged neural tissue
• guiding neuron development
• controlling interstitial environment

Question 25

microglia

Answer 25

- small with spiny processes | - phagocytes that remove cell debris, wastes and pathogens

Question 26

oligodendrocytes

Answer 26

produce insulating myelin sheath around nerve fibers in CNS

Question 27

myelin

Answer 27

- fatty material that protects and insulates nerves - speeds up transmission rate of nerve impulses - makes nerves appear white

Question 28

neuroglia of the PNS

Answer 28

satellite cells schwann cells nodes of ranvier

Question 29

satellite cells

Answer 29

surround ganglia (cell bodies), regulate exchange of nutrient and waste products between neuron cell body and extracellular fluid (ECF)

Question 30

schwann cells

Answer 30

cells that form myelin sheath (neurolemma) around peripheral axons

Question 31

nodes of ranvier

Answer 31

gaps in myelin sheath along axon - impulses travel faster when fibers have a myelin sheath - allows impulses to "jump" from node to node

Question 32

white matter

Answer 32

cell bodies and unmyelinated fibers

Question 33

gray matter

Answer 33

mylinated fibers

Question 34

differences between neuroglia and neurons

Answer 34

- glia cannot transmit nerve impulses like neurons - glia retain ability to divide (unlike neurons) - most brain tumors are gliomas - there are more glia than neurons (5x as much as neurons)