Quiz 8 - Spine & Nerves

Question 1

spinal cord

Answer 1

• spinal cord is enclosed within the vertebral column
• provides two-way communication to and from the brain
• can function with the brain or independently of it

Question 2

anatomy of spinal cord

Answer 2

protection and coverings - epidural fat (between vertebrae and meninges)
fluid - CSF and interstitial fluid
bone - vertebral column

Question 3

cross-sectional anatomy of spinal cord

Answer 3

gray matter
white matter
spinal roots

Question 4

gray matter

Answer 4

consists of cell bodies, unmyelinated nerves and neuroglia

• dorsal horn
• ventral horn
• lateral horn

Question 5

dorsal horn

Answer 5

somatic and visceral sensory nuclei

Question 6

ventral horn

Answer 6

somatic motor neurons

Question 7

lateral horn

Answer 7

somatic motor nuclei

Question 8

white matter

Answer 8

consists of columns of nerves (funiculi) conveying either sensory tract (ascending tracts) or motor tracts (descending tracts)

Question 9

spinal roots

Answer 9

dorsal root
dorsal root ganglion
ventral root
spinal nerve

Question 10

dorsal root

Answer 10

sensory, afferent fibers

Question 11

dorsal root ganglion

Answer 11

cell bodies of sensory fibers

Question 12

ventral root

Answer 12

motor, efferent fibers

Question 13

spinal nerve

Answer 13

formed by dorsal and ventral roots

Question 14

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Answer 14

all neural structures outside the brain and spinal cord (ex: sensory receptors, peripheral nerves and ganglia), provides links to and from external environemnts)

Question 15

spinal nerves

Answer 15

bundles of axons enclosed by connective tissue

- sensory, motor or mixed

Question 16

structure of PNS

Answer 16

endoneurium
fascicles
perineurium
epineurium

Question 17

endoneurium

Answer 17

delicate layer surrounding individual axons

Question 18

fascicles

Answer 18

a bundle of axon

Question 19

perineurium

Answer 19

wraps fibers into bundles called fascicles

Question 20

epineurium

Answer 20

tough fibrous layer surrounding several fascicles forming the nerve

Question 21

31 pairs of spinal nerves

Answer 21

mixed nerves arise from spinal cord and supply all parts of the body (except head)
- named according to their point of tissue
cervical nerves (C1-C8)
thoracic nerves (T1-T12)
lumber nerves (L1-L5)
sacral nerves (S1-S5)
coccygeal nerves (C0)

Question 22

spinal reflexes

Answer 22

• rapid, involuntary motor response to a stimulus

- usually does not require input from the brain

Question 23

types of reflexes

Answer 23

autonomic reflexes
somatic reflexes
reflex arc

Question 24

autonomic reflexes

Answer 24

visceral effectors: smooth and cardiac muscles or glands

Question 25

somatic reflexes

Answer 25

skeletal muscle effectors

Question 26

reflex arc

Answer 26

``` receptor sensory neuron integration center motor neuron effector ```

Question 27

receptor

Answer 27

detects physical or chemical changes (stimuli)

Question 28

sensory neuron

Answer 28

sends information from receptor to integration center

Question 29

integration center

Answer 29

information processed in central nervous system

Question 30

motor neuron

Answer 30

sends information from integration center to effector

Question 31

effector

Answer 31

activated/inhibited by motor neuron