Quiz 9 - ANS Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Quiz 9 - ANS Deck (27)
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1
Q

somatic nervous system

A

operates under voluntary (conscious) control; controls skeletal muslces

2
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

operates under involuntary instruction; controls visceral organs

3
Q

what systems does the ANS coordinate

A

cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, urinary, reproductive

4
Q

preganglionic neurons

A

axons of preganglionic neurons; leave CNS and synapse on ganglionic neurons

5
Q

ganglionic neurons

A

in autonomic ganglia, innervate visceral organs (cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, glands and adipose tissue)

6
Q

postganglionic fibers

A

axons of ganglionic neurons

7
Q

divisions of the ANS

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic

8
Q

sympathetic

A

fight or flight - response to emergency, high-stress, high-exertion situations (utilizes energy stores)

9
Q

parasympathetic

A

rest and digest - maintains resting conditions, reduces metabolic rate and promotes digestion (conserves energy)

10
Q

parts of sympathetic nervous system

A
  • thoracolumbar
  • preganglionic neurons
  • ganglia
  • ganglionic neurons
11
Q

thoracolumbar

A

preganglionic neurons originate from the thoracic and lumbar segments (T1-L2) of spinal cord

12
Q

preganglionic neurons in SNS

A

short preganglionic fibers, (most) ganglia close to spinal cord

13
Q

three types of ganglia

A

sympathetic chain ganglia
collateral ganglia
adrenal medullae

14
Q

sympathetic chain ganglia

A

(paravertebral) - on both sides of cerebral column

- control effecters: in body wall, thoracic cavity, head, neck, limbs

15
Q

collateral ganglia

A

(prevertebral) - anterior to vertebral bodies

- contain ganglionic neurons that innervate tissues and organs in abdominopelvic cavity

16
Q

adrenal medullae

A

very short postganglionic fibers
- when stimulated, release neurotransmitters (epinephrine and norepinephrine) into bloodstream which affect target cells throughout body

17
Q

ganglionic neurons of SNS

A

long postganglionic fibers (except in adrenal medullae)

- extensive divergence: allows it to function as a unit (mass activation) and also more diffuse and widespread response

18
Q

specific functions of SNS

A
  • dilation of pupils
  • increase in alertness, feelings of energy and euphoria
  • increase in cardiovascular activity
  • increase in respiratory activity
19
Q

neurotransmitters released in SNS

A
  • both systems release acetylcholine (ACh) at ganglion

- norepinephrine and epinephrine - released by postganglionic fibers to target tissues and bloodstream

20
Q

parts of parasympathetic nervous system

A

craniosacral
preganglionic neurons
ganglionic neurons
postganglionic fibers

21
Q

craniosacral

A

brain stem (cranial nerves III, VII, IX, X) and sacral segment (S1-S4) of spinal cord

22
Q

preganglionic neurons in PNS

A

long

23
Q

ganglionic neurons in PNS

A

near or at effector organs (short)

24
Q

postganglionic fibers in PNS

A

short, innervates structures in head and organs in thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities (effects are usually more specific and localized

25
Q

specific functions of PNS

A
  • constriction of pupils
  • decrease cardiovascular activity
  • increase arousal and stimulation of sexual glands
  • decrease digestive activity
26
Q

neurotransmitters released on PNS

A

parasympathetic: acetylcholine released by postganglionic fibers

27
Q

dual innervations of SNS and PNS

A
  • most visceral organs receive dual innervation (both SNS/PNS)
  • usually have opposing effects (antagonistic)
  • most prominent in digestive tract, heart and lungs