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Flashcards in Renal/GU Deck (37)
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1
Q

RTA a/w abnl HCO3- and Rickets

A

Type II (proximal) RTA

2
Q

RTA a/w aldo defect

A

Type IV (distal) RTA

3
Q

“Doughy” skin

A

Hypernatremia

4
Q

DDx of hypervolemic hyponatremia

A

Cirrhosis, CHF, nephritic syndrome

5
Q

Chvostek’s and Trousseau’s signs

A

Hypocalcemia

6
Q

MCCs of hypercalcemia

A

Malignancy and hyperparathyroidism

7
Q

T-wave flattening and U waves

A

Hypokalemia

8
Q

Peaked T waves and widened QRS

A

Hyperkalemia

9
Q

1st line tx for moderate hypercalcemia

A

IV hydration and loop diuretics (furosemide)

10
Q

Type of AKI with FENa

A

Prerenal

11
Q

49 yo M with acute onset flank pain and hematuria

A

Nephrolithiasis

12
Q

MC type of nephrolithiasis

A

Calcium oxalate

13
Q

20 yo M presents with a palpable flank mass and hematuria. U/S shows b/l enlarged kidneys with cysts. Associated brain anomaly?

A

Cerebral berry aneurysms (ADPKD)

14
Q

Hematuria, HTN, oliguria

A

Nephritic syndrome

15
Q

Proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, HLD, hyperlipiduria, and edema

A

Nephrotic syndrome

16
Q

MC form of nephritic syndrome

A

Membranous glomerulonephritis (GN)

17
Q

MC form of glomerulonephritis (GN)

A

IgA nephropathy (Berger’s dz)

18
Q

Glomerulonephritis (GN) with deafness

A

Alport syndrome

19
Q

Glomerulonephritis (GN) with hemoptysis

A

Wegener’s granulomatosis, Goodpasture syndrome

20
Q

Presence of red cell casts in urine sediment

A

Glomerulonephritis/nephritic syndrome

21
Q

Eos in urine sediment

A

Allergic interstitial nephritis

22
Q

Waxy casts in urine sediment and Maltese crosses (seen with lipiduria)

A

Nephrotic syndrome

23
Q

Drowsiness, asterixis, nausea, and pericardial friction rub

A

Uremic syndrome seen in pts with renal failure

24
Q

55 yo M is dx’d with prostate CA. Tx options?

A

Wait, surgical resection, radiation and/or androgen suppression

25
Q

Low urine specific gravity in the presence of high serum osmolality

A

Diabetes insipidus

26
Q

Tx of SIADH

A

Fluid restriction, demeclocycline

27
Q

Hematuria, flank pain, and palpable flank mass

A

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC)

28
Q

Testicular CA a/w ß-hCG, AFP

A

Choriocarcinoma

29
Q

MC type of testicular CA

A

Seminoma (type of germ cell tumor)

30
Q

MC histology of bladder CA

A

Transitional cell carcinoma

31
Q

Complication of overly rapid correction of hyponatremia

A

Central pontine myelinolysis

32
Q

Salicylate ingestion causes what type of acid-base d/o?

A

AG acidosis and 1˚ respiratory alkalosis d/t central respiratory stimulation

33
Q

Acid-base disturbance commonly seen in pregnant F

A

Respiratory alkalosis

34
Q

3 systemic dzs that lead to nephrotic syndrome

A

DM, SLE, and amyloidosis

35
Q

Elevated erythropoietin (EPO) level, elevated hematocrit (Hct), and nl O2 saturation

A

RCC or other EPO-producing tumor. Evaluate with CT scan.

36
Q

55 yo M presents with irritative and obstructive urinary sxs. Tx options?

A

Likely BPH.

-Tx options: no tx, terazosin, finasteride, or surgical intervention (TURP)

37
Q

Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) a/w abnl H+ secretion and nephrolithiasis

A

Type I (distal) RTA