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Anatomy Final > Reproductive System Part 2 > Flashcards

Reproductive System Part 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

define hormone

A

substance produced in one part of the body that affects another part of the body

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2
Q

_____ hormones travels through blood

A

endocrine

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3
Q

GnRH- gonadotropin releasing hormone is produced by

A

hypothalamus

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4
Q

the GnRH travels via __________ to anterior pituitary to control release of LH and FHS

A

portal vein

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5
Q

FSH is produced by

A

anterior pituitary gland

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6
Q

FSH controls

A

gonadic function

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7
Q

LH is produced by

A

anterior pituitary gland

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8
Q

LH controls

A

gonadic function

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9
Q

________ is produced by gonads

A

estrogens

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10
Q

progesterone is produced by

A

corpus luteum

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11
Q

what does progesterone do?

A

prepares uterus for implantation and pregnancy

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12
Q

____ is primarily a male hormone

A

testosterone

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13
Q

testosterone can also be produced by

A

adrenal gland

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14
Q

__ is secreted by extraembryonic membranes during pregnancy

A

HCG - human chorionic gonadotropin

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15
Q

the menstrual cycle is about how many days?

A

28

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16
Q

the range of the menstrual cycle is?

A

20-36 days

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17
Q

menstruation flow typically lasts

A

2-7 days

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18
Q

pheromones are

A

olfactory behavior signals important in lower species

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19
Q

the follicular phase begins when

A

hypothalamus secretes GnRH

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20
Q

the GnRH controls the activity of

A

anterior pituitary gland

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21
Q

after it has been stimulated, the anterior pituitary gland secretes

A

FSH and LH

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22
Q

FSH and LH controls activity of

A

ovary

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23
Q

FSH stimulates ______ to begin to develop

A

ovarian follicles

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24
Q

as ovarian follicles develop, they begin to secrete

A

estrogen

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25
what does estrogen do?
causes further follicular development
26
T/F estrogen causes endometrium to thin
False; it causes it to thicken
27
____ acts to signal hypothalamus to stop releasing GnRH
estrogen
28
_____ feedback leads to reduced production
negative
29
negative feedback causes reduced
FSH release
30
elevated estrogen levels causes
LH release from anterior pituitary
31
elevated estrogen levels causing LH release is example of
positive feedback - increase production
32
Although there are many follicles in the ovary, one becomes _____
dominant
33
by dominant we mean...
mature
34
during ovulation, the ___ is released from follicle
egg
35
during ovulation, the follicle differentiate into
corpus luteum
36
estrogen levels peak...
1 to 2 days prior to ovulation
37
_______ causes a surge in LH from anterior pituitary
elevated estrogen
38
_______ is a response to LH surge
ovulation
39
the corpus luteum produces progesterone. Progesterone is thermogenic. what does this mean?
causes an increase in basal body temperature
40
progesterone causes reduced ___ levels
LH and GnRH
41
as follicles differentiate, it produces
testosterone
42
T/F testosterone increase libido
true
43
the rupture of the follicle results in
release of egg into fimbria
44
define Mittelschmerz
pain of ovulation due to stretching of the ovarian capsule and subsequent capsular rupture
45
how is the egg moved?
by cilia and motility of fallopian tube
46
egg is ___ for approx. 36 hours
viable
47
___ is viable for approx. 3 to 5 days
sperm
48
window for pregnancy can be as large as
7 days
49
window of pregnancy consists of
5 days prior to ovulation | 1-1.5 days after ovulation
50
___ phase last 14 days of the menstrual cycle
luteal
51
the luteal phase corresponds to
the life of the corpus luteum
52
the corpus luteum is derived from
the follicle
53
name the 3 things the corpus luteum produces
progesterone estrogen testosterone
54
_____ suppresses new follicle growth
progesterone
55
if no pregnancy, the corpus luteum degenerates into
corpus albicans (white body)
56
if there is no pregnancy, what levels fall?
estrogen and progesterone
57
the fall in estrogen and progesterone levels causes
endometrium lining to degenerate --> menstruation
58
if pregnant, the developing embryo produces
HCG
59
what does HCG do?
maintains corpus luteum
60
if pregnant, what maintains the uterus?
progesterone
61
T/F: the proliferative phase corresponds to follicular phase in ovary
TRUE
62
during the proliferative phase, the endometrium
thickens
63
during the proliferative phase, the _______ grow in response to estrogen
glands and blood vessels
64
name the changes that estrogen causes to the cervical mucus
thinner clearer more elstic
65
what do the changes that estrogen does to cervical mucus allow?
passage of sperm into uterus
66
what happens after proliferatve phase?
ovulation -egg is released from follicle
67
the secretory phase corresponds to the
luteal phase in ovary
68
during the secretory phase, the endometrial glands and blood suppy ___
mature
69
why does the endometrial glands and blood supply mature during the secretory phase?
prepared to secrete glycogen that is a nutrition for egg
70
during the secretory phase, _____ maintains endometrium
progesterone
71
increased levels of progesterone causes a reduced quantity of
thick and tacky cervical mucus
72
______ occurs if fertilization does not occur
menstruation
73
during menstruation, progesterone and estrogen levels
fall
74
during menstruation, the endometrial blood vessel do what?
constrict
75
what does the loss of blood to supply to endometrium cause?
shedding of endometrium
76
menstrual flow is a combination of
endometrial tissue and blood
77
what are cramps associated with?
lack of progesterone and presence of prostaglandins secreted in uterus
78
toxic shock syndrome is caused by
a strain of Staphylococcus aureus
79
S. aureus is resistant to
penicillin and other related drugs
80
a common site for bacteria to colonize and begin to grow with S. aureus is
vagina
81
the bacteria secrete
toxins
82
the toxins enter
bloodstream
83
initial exposure to toxin causes mild
flu-like symtpoms
84
what happens with the bacteria
they stay, grow in numbers with each menstrual cycle and then more toxin is released
85
symptoms of toxic shock syndrome include
``` high fever scarlet fever - like rash on chest and neck low BP diarrhea and vomiting muscle aches vaginal or throat infection kidney malfunction liver failure disorientation or confusion ```
86
how to prevent toxic shock syndrome?
create less permissive environments for bacterial growth | frequently change tampons (every 3 to 4 hrs)

Anatomy Final (12 decks)

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