Flashcards in Respiratory Deck (107)
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1
Which airways have cartilage and which airways do not?
large airways- cartilage
small airways- non-cartilage
2
What decreases and increases surface tension in lungs?
decreased- saline filled lungs
increased - surfactant deficiency
3
Flow limitation
point where any increase in effort makes no increase in flow because airway can collapse
4
Pcritical is a marker of
tendency of airways to collapse
5
Three Factors that contribute to maximum flow rate
decreased Elastic recoil
Increase in Pcritical
Increase in R upstream
6
decreased expiratory flow rates seen in (3)
1- increased airway resistance
2- decreased elastic recoil
3- decrease in lung volume
7
RV is increased most in
obstructive airway disease (air trapping)
8
5 general categories of restrictive lung disease
neuromuscular disease
chest wall problems
pleural disease
loss of lung
interstitial lung disease
9
Efferent impulses in respiratory control from Cranial nerves
9,10,11,12
10
Length tension, a short muscle is a
weak muscle
11
energy consumption is via 2 factors in muscles
tension produced by muscle
velocity of shortening in muscle
12
two reasons resp muscles require more energy
-asked to do more
-at a mechanical disadvantage
13
Centriacinar Emph
enlarged resp bronchioles and normal distal ascini
14
panacinar emph
resp-->distal ascini all affected
15
Paraseptal emph
distal ascinus only
associated with bullae and pneumothroax
16
charcot-leyden crystals
degranulated eosinophil membranes found in asthma
17
curschmann spirals
whorls of shed epithelium in asthma
18
acute vs late phase asthma
acute- mast cell mediated
late phase- leukocyte mediated, tissue destruction
19
3 types of medications for COPD
B-agonists, Anticholinergic, Methylxanthines
20
when are glucocorticoids appropriate for COPD patients?
<50% FEV1 and freq exaccerbations
21
airway remodeling
increase in ECM
22
pulmonary arterial hypertension
pH when fundamental abnormality arises in pulmonary vasculature
23
2 ways that pulmonary arterioles dilate
passive- thin-walled and contain little muscle (so due to CO2)
active- release of EDRF/NO
24
ihibitors vs constrictors in PVR
inhibitors- prostacyclin, NO
vasoconstriction- thrmboxane A2, endothelin-1, 5HT
25
Pressure left atrium best estimated by
pulmonary wedge pressure
26
pulmonary artery pressure equation
Ppa= (CO x PVR) + PLa
27
two types of granulomatous ILD
sarcoidosis
hypersensitivity pneumonia
28
smoking related ILD
respiratory bronchiolitis ILD
desquamative interstitial pneumonia
29
first thing that happens in ILD
type 2 pneumocyte hyperplasia
30
