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Respiratory drugs Flashcards

(43 cards)

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1
Q

Name the 5 Respiratory system Natural defence mechanisms

A
  1. Coughing
  2. Sneezing
  3. Inc mucus production
  4. Bronchiolar constriction
  5. Mucociliary apparatus
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2
Q

What is Mucociliary apparatus?

A
  1. Mucoiliary apparatus lines the upper + lower airways, inc nasal passages, trachea + bronchi
  2. Mucus secrets from goblet + submucosal glands, trapping the inhaled dust, allergens, bacteria, fungi etc
  3. The Cilia on the respiratory epithelial cells beat continuously to move mucus upwards + towards pharynx - to be swallowed or coughed out
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3
Q

What do Bronchodilators do?

A
  1. Increases airway diameter
  2. Allowing reduced expiratory effort
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4
Q

Name 2 B2 Adrenergic agonists that act on smooth muscle of the airways, to cause dilation

A
  1. Albuterol (Salbutanol)
  2. Terbutaline
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5
Q

Name the Bronchodilator that causes smooth muscle relaxation, as well as effects on the CNS + heart muscle

A

Theophylline

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6
Q

Why is Albuterol (Salbutamol) the medication of choice for all species, for inhalation treatment of Acute airway obstruction?

A
  1. Because it not only relaxes smooth muscle
  2. But increases airflow w/in mins of admin!
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7
Q

How is Albuterol (Salbutamol) usually administered?

A

Via Inhalers

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8
Q

Name 3 Bronchodilators

A
  1. Albuterol (Salbutamol)
  2. Terbutaline
  3. Theopylline
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9
Q

What 2 diseases does Albuterol + Salbutamol often treat?

A
  1. Feline asthma
  2. Equine Airway disease (EAD)
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10
Q

What are Beta-2-Adrenergic Agonists the mainstay treatment for?

A

Respiratory disease

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11
Q

Give 2 Respiratory diseases that Beta-2-Adrenergic Agonists treat

A
  1. Bronchial asthma
  2. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseease (COPD)
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12
Q

How do Beta-2-Adrenergic Agonists replicate the functions of Epinephrine/Norpinephrine?

A
  1. By producing a different autonomic response w/in the body
  2. By muscle relaxation, causing dilation of the airway
  3. Resulting to easier breathing
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13
Q

What do Mucolytics do?

A
  1. Break up airway mucus
  2. So it can be expelled from the bronchial tree
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14
Q

What do Expectorants do?

A
  1. Increase the fluidity of the mucus
  2. So it can be cleared more easily
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15
Q

Whats the difference between Mucolytics + Expectorants?

A

Both reduce mucus
* Mucolytics break up mucus, to be expelled by the bronchial tree
* Expectorants increase the fluidity of mucus

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16
Q

Name 3 mucus-reducing drugs

A
  1. Acetlycysteine
  2. Bromhexidine
  3. Guaifenesin
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17
Q

Name 2 types of Mucolytics

A
  1. Acetlycysteine
  2. Bromhexidine (Bisolvon)
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18
Q

Name an Expectorant, which is often combined with/human mixtures

19
Q

What are Anti-tussives?

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A

Drugs that stop coughing

20
Q

What 2 ways do Anti-tussives work?

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A
  1. Centrally acting
  2. Locally acting
21
Q

How do Centrally acting Anti-tussives work?

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A
  • By acting on the cough centres in the Medulla
  • To suppress the urge to cough
  • Similar to Opiates (Butorphanol or Codeine)
22
Q

How do Locally acting Anti-tussives work?

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A
  • Soothe inflammed tissues
  • Similar to Glycerin
23
Q

What are Narcotic Anti-tussives?

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A
  1. Opioid-based cough suppressants
  2. That primarily effect the mu opioid receptor
  3. In the CNS
24
Q

What type of Anti-tussives is intended for dry coughs?

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A

Narcotic Anti-tussives

25
Why **shouldn't** you use **Narcotic** Anti-tussives be used for **productive** coughs?
* Because it can lead to **mucus + debris build up** * ***In*** the ***bronchi***
26
What is occuring here?
Pathophysiology of cough
27
Name the **4** ***cough*** **receptors**
1. TRP**V1** 2. TRP**A1** 3. **R**AR 4. **S**AR
28
Name **9** **triggers** that may cause a cough
1. Smoke 2. Perfumes/Scents 3. Throat irritation/tickle 4. **Noxious fumes** 5. **Speech** 6. Exercise 7. **Cold/dry air** 8. Eating 9. **Humidity**
29
Name a **De**congestant
**Phenyl**propanolamine
30
How do **De**congestants work?
1. **Stimulate** Sympathetic Nervous System (**SNS**) 2. Leading to vaso***constriction*** 3. Leading to ***tissue oedema + secretions*** 4. **Reducing signs** associated w/congestion
31
Name a Respiratory **stimulant**
Doxapram (Analeptic)
32
How do Respiratory **stimulants** work?
1. **Stimulate***** respiratory centres***, like analeptics 2. **In** the **Medulla** + ***Chemoreceptors*** in the **Aorta + Carotid artery**
33
What **2** side effects of Respiratory **stimulants**, like **Doxapram**?
Increases: 1. **HR** 2. **BP**
34
What is **Doxapram** or Respiratory **stimulants** used primarily to help?
**Neonatal** ***apnoea***
35
True or False. Respiratory **stimulants**, like **Doxapram** can be used in ***emergency situations***, during anaesthesia to **decrease** the **respiratory depressant effects** of ***Opiates*** + ***Barbiturates***.
True
36
What can be used in ***emergency situations***, during anaesthesia to **decrease** the **respiratory depressant effects** of ***Opiates*** + ***Barbiturates***?
* Doxapram * ***Respiratory stimulants***
37
How can Respiratory **stimulants** help in ***emergency situations***?
* Stimulate breathing * **Decrease** respiratory **depressive effects** of ***Opiates*** + ***Barbiturates***
38
True or False. There was sufficent evidence that **intralingual** doxapram provided an **advantage** (or disadvantage) **compared to** intralingual ***saline*** when used **routinely** in **puppies** delivered by **elective caesarean** + that were ***not*** **apnoeic**.
False. There was **in**sufficient evidence that intralingual doxapram provided an advantage (or disadvantage) compared to intralingual saline when used routinely in puppies delivered by elective caesarean and that were not apnoeic.
39
What is No.1?
Anti-**tussives** (Supressing coughing)
40
What is No.4?
Respiratory **stimulants**
41
What is No.2?
**Bronchodilators** (Dilating the airway)
42
# 2 .. What is No.3?
Mucolytics + **Expectorants** *(**Reducing** mucus **viscosity**)*
43
What is No.5?
Anti-**histamines** *(**Counter** **inflammation**, induced by histamines)*

Pharamcology (18 decks)

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