Urinary drugs

Question 1

What is this?

Answer 1

A diagram of the Nephron + Urinary excretion

Question 2

What is this?

Answer 2

The process of urinary excretion

Question 3

What does Aldosterone do in the Nephron?

Answer 3

1. Stimulates Sodium re-absorption in Distal tubules
2. Increase Potassium excretion

Question 4

What does Vasopressin do in the Nephron?

Answer 4

Increase water re-absorption

Question 5

8 ..

What is the MOA of Diuretics?

Answer 5

1. Act on the kidneys
2. To increase excretion of electrolytes + water
3. Reducing re-absorption of electrolytes
4. By Nephron tubules
5. Increasing water excretion
6. Due to osmosis
7. Used to reduce Pulmonary + peripheral Oedema
8. In Heart failure

Question 6

Name the 3 types of Diuretics

Answer 6

1. Thiazides
2. Potassium sparing
3. Loop diuretics

Question 7

Give an example of a Loop diuretic

Answer 7

Furosemide

Question 8

3 ..

What do Loop diuretics do?

Answer 8

1. Reduces OEDEMA in Heart failure
2. Administered orally or IV
3. Highly potent + has a rapid onset of action

Question 9

Whats the MOA for Loop diuretics?

Answer 9

1. Inhibit NaCL (Sodium chloride) re-absorption in the ASCENDING Loop of Henle
2. Acting on the Luminal membrane
3. Inhibiting Co-transport of:
   * Sodium
   * Potassium
   * 2Cl-

Question 10

What are the 5 adverse effects of Loop diuretics

Answer 10

1. Hyponatraemia
2. Hypokalaemia
3. Dehydration
4. Hypotension
5. Increased* Ca + Mg* excretion

Question 11

What is the most commonly used diuretic in veterinary medicine and is available in injectable and tablet formulations?

Answer 11

Frusemide
(Otherwise known as Furosemide)

Question 12

What is the MOA for Frusemide?

Answer 12

1. It’s a loop diuretic
2. That acts on the ascending Loop of Henle
3. Inhibiting the reabsorption of Sodium + Potassium
4. Not allowing osmosis (Na+ + K+ not absorbed in water, it does not follow)
5. Instead the water, sodium + potassium are lost in the urine

Question 13

3 …

What is Frusemide used to treat?

Answer 13

1. Reducing oedema in CHF or Renal failure
2. Reducing BP in heart failure
3. Managing hyperkalaemia (Encouraging potassium loss)

Question 14

Why should patients who are being given Frusemide be monitored carefully?

Answer 14

As excess doses can lead to:
1. Dehydration
2. Electrolyte imbalances

Question 15

True or False.

Frusemide can given IV in cases of acute pulmonary oedema.

Answer 15

True

Question 16

Where do Potassium sparing diuretics work?

Answer 16

Act on the distal tubule of the Nephron

Question 17

Name the 2 Potassium-sparing diuretics

Answer 17

1. Spironolactone
   (Antagonises Aldosterone)
2. Amiloride
   (Blocking Sodium channels)

Question 18

True or False.

Potassium-sparing diuretics are weak, when given alone.

Answer 18

True

Question 19

What is Spironolactone?

Answer 19

A mild diuretic is often used in combo w/Frusemide

Question 20

What is the MOA for Spironolactone?

Answer 20

1. The potassium-sparing diuretic antagonises Aldosterone
2. Reducing Sodium + water retention
3. But not reducing Potassium loss
4. So water + salt are lost in urine

Question 21

True or False.

It is available licensed in tablet form on its own (Prilactone) or combined with Benazapril (Cardalis).

Answer 21

True

Question 22

What is Thiazide?

Answer 22

1. A Hydrochlorothiazide
2. Affecting the early segments of the distal tubule
3. Inhibiting NaCl (Sodium-Chloride) re-absorption
4. By binding to the NaCl + increasing water

Question 23

Name the 3 adverse effects of Thiazides

Answer 23

1. Hypokalaemia
2. Hyperuricaemia
3. Impaired glucose tolerance

Question 24

What drug is a urinary Acidifer, used for the treatment of Struvite Urolithiasis + Paracetamol posioning - if given w/in 12 hrs?

Answer 24

Methionine

Question 25

What is the urinary **Alkaliser**, ***increasing*** the **re**-absorption of **Calcium** from the ***renal tubules***, can be used to **treat** **Calcium Oxalate uroliths** + ***fungal infections*** of the urinary tract?

Answer 25

Potassium **Citrate**