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Ryan's shit list - Step 1 > RSL - Resp > Flashcards

RSL - Resp Flashcards

(67 cards)

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1
Q

Structures penetrating diaphragm: T8

A

T8: IVC

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2
Q

Structures penetrating diaphragm: T10

A

T10: Esophagus, Vagus

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3
Q

Structures penetrating diaphragm: T12

A

T12: Aorta, Thoracic duct, Azygous vein

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4
Q

Common corotid bifurcation

A

C4

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5
Q

Trachea bifurcation

A

T4

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6
Q

Abdominal Aorta bifurcation

A

L4

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7
Q

Costodiaphragmatic margin: Midclavicular

A

8th rib

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8
Q

Costodiaphragmatic margin: Mid axillary

A

10th rib

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9
Q

Costodiaphragmatic margin: Lateral border of vertebral column

A

11/12th rib

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10
Q

Physiological deadspace =

A

Anatomical deadspace + Alveolar deadspace

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11
Q

Minute ventilation =

A

V tidal * RR

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12
Q

Shift from Relaxed to Taut

A

Cl-, H+, CO2, 2,3-BPG, temperature

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13
Q

Shift from Taut to relaxed

A

O2

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14
Q

Cheyne-Stokes breathing: Pattern, reason

A

—iI|||Ii—iI||Ii—

Due to slowed feedback from PaCO2, as well as increased sensitivity to PaCO2

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15
Q

Kaussumaul breathing

A

Large wave. Diabetic ketoacidosis

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16
Q

Vessels: Alveolar pressure vs. Extra Alveolar pressure per volume

A

TLC: High Alveolar vessel pressure / Low Extra-alveolar vessel pressure
RV: Low Alveolar vessel pressure / High Extra-alveolar vessel pressure

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17
Q

Charcot-leyden crystals

A

Eosinophils

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18
Q

Methemoglobin: basis

A

Oxidized form of Hb (Fe3+); does not bind O2 as readily. Increased affinity for cyanide

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19
Q

Methemoglobin: symptoms

A

Cyanosis and chocolate colored blood

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20
Q

Methemoglobinemia: treatment

A

Methylene blue and VItamin C

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21
Q

methemoglobinemia: Causes

A

nitrates and Benzocaine

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22
Q

Carboxyhemoglobin: treatment

A

100% O2

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23
Q

Alveolar gas equation

A

PAO2 = PiO2 - PaCO2/0.8

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24
Q

Pulmonary vascular resistance equation

A

V = QR, P(pulmonary artery)-P(left Atrium) = CO*Pulmonary resistance

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25
Shunt
Low V/Q
26
Deadspace
High V/Q
27
Carbaminohemoglobin
CO2 bound to Hb --> Taut state
28
Majority of CO2 in blood is in which form
HCO3- in plasma
29
Homan sign
Dorsiflexion of the food --> pain
30
Lines of Zahn
Alternating platelets and fibrin (pale) and rbcs (red). Only found in thrombi before death
31
Osmium tetroxide
Stain for Fat emboli
32
Triad of fat embolism:
Hypoxemia, neurological disturbance, rash
33
Diagnosis of PE
CT pulmonary angiography for filling defects
34
Reid index
Thickness of gland layer / Thickness of bronchial wall (>50%)
35
Barrel-shaped chest
Emphasema
36
Curschman spirals
Shed epithelium forms whorled mucus plugs
37
Restrictive lung disease: A-a gradient
Normal in: Poor breathing mechanics (extrapulmonary, hypoventilation) increased in: Interstitial lung diseases (decreased diffusing capacity)
38
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis:
mixed type III/IV hypersensitivity reaction to environmental antigen (alveolar)
39
Caplan syndrome
rheumatoid arthritis with pneumoconiosis with intrapulmonary nodules
40
Asbestos: location
lower lobes (supradiaphragmatic and pleural plaques)
41
Asbestos: Histology
Ferruginous bodies: golden brown fusiform rods resembling dumb bells
42
Berylliosis: Histology
Non-caseating granuloma (responds to corticosteroids)
43
Berylliosis: career
Aerospace
44
Anthracosis
asymptomatic condition in urban dwellers exposed to sooty air
45
Silicosis: career
Sandblasting
46
Silicosis: histology
Egg shell calcification on hilar lymph nodes
47
Scilicosis: lobes?
upper
48
Berylliosis: lobes?
upper
49
Coal-workers pneumoconiosis: lobes?
upper
50
Scilicosis: Sequellae
TB infection or bronchogenic carcinoma
51
Lung particle clearance: >10µm
Trachea trapped
52
Lung particle clearance: 2.5 - 10µm
Mucocilliary transport
53
Lung particle clearance:
Phagocytosis
54
Neonatal RDS: Sequelae
RIB: Therapeutic O2--> Retinopathy of prematurity, intraventricular hemorrhage, Bronchopulmonary displasia Low O2 --> PDA, necrotizing enterocolitis
55
N RDS: risk factors
Prematurity, C-Section, maternal diabetes
56
N RDS amniotic diagnosis:
Lecithin;sphingomyelin ratio
57
Obesity hypoventilation syndrome
Hypoventilation during sleep --> CO2 retention during day
58
Pulmonary HTN: Idiopathic - mutation>
inactivating mutation in BMPR2 gene (normally -| smooth muscle proliferation)
59
MCC of Lobar pneumonia
S. pneumoniae, Legionella, Klebsiella
60
MCC of bronchopneumonia
S pneumonia, S. aureus, H. influenza,
61
MCC of atypical (interstitial) pneumoniae
Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, viruses (Flu, CMV, RSV, adenovirus), Legionella
62
Lobar pneumonia:
Intra-alveolar exudate --> consolidation. Entire lobe involvement
63
Bronchopneumonia
Bronchioles and adjacent alveoli involved. >1 lobe, patch involvement
64
Atypical pneumonia
Inflammation restricted to interstitium, >1 lobepatchy involvement. Walking pneumonia
65
Small Cell CA: Paraneoplastic -
Paraneoplastic: ACTH, SIADH, Lambert Eaton, Paraneoplastic myelitis/encephalitis
66
Small cell CA: Cell origin
Neuroendocrine Kulchitsky cells (small dark blue cells). From bronchi.
67
Small Cell CA: stain
chromogrammin positive

Ryan's shit list - Step 1 (27 decks)

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