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ABD class 2 > Scrotal Powerpoint > Flashcards

Scrotal Powerpoint Flashcards

1
Q

Scrotum

A

skin pouch, supports the testes outside the body for survival of sperm
Divided by a septum into 2 compartments
Each compartment contains a testis, epididymis, spermatic cord and ductus deferens.

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2
Q

Testes

A

2 male reproductive glands, produces sperm and testosterone
Size 3-5 cm in length
3cm in height
3x3x5

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3
Q

Seminal vesicles

A

2 sac-like structures located posterior to the bladder, store sperm

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4
Q

Tunica albuginea

A

Dense fibrous capsule surrounding the testes

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5
Q

Tunica vaginales

A

2 serous layers covering the testes

A potential space between the 2 layers exists for a hydrocele to form

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6
Q

Septal raphe

A

fibrous tissue dividing the scrotum into 2 separate compartments
prevents infections on one side from passing to the opposite testicle

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7
Q

Mediastinum testes

A

a vertical septum which provides support for the testicular vessels and ducts to enter and exit

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8
Q

Epididymis

A

elongated structure along the posterolateral aspect of the testis
Head,body,tail
Stores sperm

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9
Q

Appendix testis

A

seen in 80% of patients, a small oval structure on the superior pole, remnant of the mullerian duct

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10
Q

Pampiniform plexus

A

plexus of veins in the spermatic cord that drain into the right and left testicular veins; when a varicocele is present, dilatation and tortuosity may develop

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11
Q

Spermatic cord

A

structure made up of the vas deferens, testicular artery,cremasteric artery, and pampiniform plexus that suspends the testis in the scrotum

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12
Q

SONOGRAPHICALLY TESTE IS

A

SMOOTH, MEDIUM GRAY STRUCTURE WITH FINE ECHOTEXTURE

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13
Q

Normal Rete Testies

A

THE AREA IN THE TESTIS WHERE THE SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES CONVERGE BEFORE DRAINING IN THE HEAD OF THE EPIDIDYMIS

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14
Q

Normal Mediastinum Testis- Transverse Image

A

THE VERTICAL SEPTUM IN THE TESTIS FORMED BY THE MULTIPLE FOLDS OF DENSE, FIBROUS TISSUE THAT COMPLETELY COVERS THE TESTE KNOWN AS THE TUNICA ALBUGINEA

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15
Q

Normal Mediastinum Testis- Sagital Image

A

HELPS TO SUPPORT THE VESSELS & DUCTS THAT COURSE THRU THE TESTES
SEEN ON US AS A BRIGHT, HYPERECHOIC LINE

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16
Q

Normal Septal Raphe- Transverse Image

A

THIS FIBROUS TISSUE IS A MIDLINE STRUCTURE THAT CAN BE MISTAKEN BY THE PATIENT AS A NEW “PALPABLE NODULE”

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17
Q

Normal Appendix Testis

A

A SMALL STRUCTURE ATTACHED TO THE UPPER POLE LOCATED BETWEEN THE TESTE AND EPIDIDYMIS
90% UNILATERAL OCCURANCE RATE
NOT TO BE CONFUSED WITH THE EPIDIDYMIS HEAD
IT IS ISOECHOIC WITH THE TESTE AND IS BEST SEEN WITH A HYDROCELE

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18
Q

Appendix Epididymis

A

IS A SMALL PROTUBANCE FROM THE EPI HEAD WITH ONLY A 34% OCCURANCE RATE

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19
Q

Epididymis location and size

A

beginning superiorly and then coursing posterolater to the test

is 6 to 7 cm

20
Q

Epididymis Head- measurement and location

A

largest part
6 to 15 mm in width
superior to upper pole of testis

21
Q

Normal Epididymis Appearence

A

isoechoic or hypoechoic compared with the testis, although the echo texture is coarser
SHOULD BE IMAGED ON ALL SCROTAL US EXAMS IN LONG AND TRANS PLANES

22
Q

Epididymis Head ductules

A

CONTAINS 10-15 DUCTULES COMING FROM THE RETE TESTE TO FORM A SINGLE DUCT IN THE HEAD & BODY OF THE EPIDIDYMIS

23
Q

BODY OF EPIDIDYMIS

A

COURSES ALONG THE POSTEROLATERAL ASPECT OF THE TESTE-SMALLER THAN THE HEAD AND TAIL
DIFFUCULT TO IMAGE WHEN NORMAL

24
Q

Tail of Epididymis

A

POSTERIOR TO THE LOWER POLE OF THE TESTE

25
Q

Body and Tail of Epididymis

A

BOTH STRUCTURES CONTAIN A SINGLE DUCT KNOWN AS THE DUCTUS EPIDIDYMIS WHICH BECOMES THE VAS DEFERENS IN THE SPERMATIC CORD

26
Q

Blood Supply- Testicular Arteries

A

primary blood supply, arise from the abd aorta below the level of the renal arteries

27
Q

Blood Supply- Testicular Arteries Doppler

A

Normal Doppler signals are low velocity, low resitive flow
Helpful in determing torsion or tumor vascularity
Power doppler may also be helpful.

28
Q

Arterial Vessels of the Teste

A

AORTA—TESTICULAR ARTERY—CAPSULAR ARTERY—CENTRIPETAL ARTERY—RECURRENT RAMI

29
Q

50% of men have a

A

TRANSMEDIASTINAL ARTERY (& ACCOMPANYING VEIN) THAT COURSES THRU THE MEDIASTINUM TOWARDS THE TESTIS CASPSULE

30
Q

COLOR FLOW IN THE TMA WILL BE

A

OPPOSITE OF THE CENTRIPETAL ARTERIES

31
Q

FLOW IN THE CMA IS _____ FROM THE MEDIASTINUM

A

away

32
Q

FLOW IN THE CENTRIPETAL ARTERIES IS ______ THE MEDIASTINUM

A

towards

33
Q

Normal Color demonstrates

A

BLOOD FLOW IN CENTRIPETAL ARTERIES

34
Q

Spectral Doppler demonstrates

A

NORMAL LOW-RESISTANCE WAVEFORM

35
Q

Resistive Index

A

PEAK SYSTOLE MINUS PEAK DIASTOLE DIVIDED BY PEAK SYSTOLE (S-D/S=RI

36
Q

RI values

A

WILL DIFFER SLIGHTLY DEPENDING ON THE ORGAN
AVERAGE RANGE IS BETWEEN 0.4-0.8
HIGHER VALUES INDICATE DECREASED PERFUSION

37
Q

ARTERIES WITH LOW-RESISTIVE (LOW IMPEDANCE) BLOOD FLOW SUPPLY

A

ORGANS THAT NEED CONTINUOUS PERFUSION (LIVER, KIDNEYS, TESTES, UMBILICAL CORD)

38
Q

Testis Benign Pathology- Tubular Ectasia Of the Rete Testes

A

> age 45

39
Q

Testis Benign Pathology- Intratesticular

A

located near mediastinum testis

40
Q

Testis Benign Pathology- Abscess

A

normally from epidiymo-orchitis

41
Q

Testis Benign Pathology- Hydrocele

A

an abnormal accumulation of serous fluid between the layers of the tunica vaginalis
Most common cause of painless scrotal swelling
Congenital or acquired (trauma,epididymitis,or torsion)

42
Q

Testis Benign Pathology- Henatoceles

A

trauma,surgery,torsion,diabetes, or arterosclerosis

43
Q

Testis Benign Pathology- Pyoceles

A

occurs when an abscess ruptures into an existing hydrocele

Normally have septations or scrotal skin thickening

44
Q

Testis Benign Pathology- Varioceles

A

enlargement of the veins of the spermatic cord most commonly left side
< 25 years of age

45
Q

Hydrocele is associated with

A

neoplasms, tends to be smaller

46
Q

Is it normal for a small amount of hydrocele to excist?

A

Yes

ABD class 2 (19 decks)

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