Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

NBB Test 2 > Seizures and Epilepsy > Flashcards

Seizures and Epilepsy Flashcards

(61 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

A transient episode with signs or symptoms of abnormal excessive synchronous neuronal activity in the brain

A

Seizure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Physical manifestations of a seizure vary based on the pattern of network involvement in the

A

Brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

A seizure involving the left motor cortex will produce features characterized by

A

Excessive function of that region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the two major types of a seizure?

A

Focal or General

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Bilateral tonic stiffening of extremities alternating with clonic jerking

A

Generalized tonic-clonic convulsion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Has impaired consciousness with sympathetic symptoms such as tachycardia and mydriasis

A

Generalized tonic-clonic convulsion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Seizure without alteration of consciousness (focal aware)

A

Simple partial seizure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Seizure with alteration of consciousness (focal impaired awareness)

A

Complex partial seizure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Focal to bilateral tonic-clonic seizure

A

Secondary generalized seizure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Manifestation is related to brain region involved

  • May be an aura
  • No alteration of awareness
A

Simple partial seizure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

A simple partial seizure may progress into a

A

CPS or GTC seizure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

A post-ictal deficit may be seen with a

A

Simple partial seizure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Focal-onset seizure with alteration of awareness

A

Complex partial seizure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Typically characterized by staring and poor/no responsiveness

A

Complex partial seizure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

May involve gaze deviation, (forced) head deviation, or unilateral/asymmetric limb involvement

A

Complex Partial Seizure (CPS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Complex partial seizures may progress to

A

GTC seizure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

A new term for focal seizure to bilateral tonic-clonic seizure

A

Secondary generalized seizure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Seizure activity begins in one brain region then spreads to involve the rest

A

Secondary Generalized Seizure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Secondary Generalized Seizures may spread slowly starting as a

A

SPS or CPS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

May spread fast, only manifesting as a generalized (bilateral) tonic-clonic convulsion

A

Rapidly secondary generalized seizure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Electrodes capture electrical activity from cortex

A

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

To best capture epileptiform activity, capture

A

Stage 2 sleep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Photic stimulation may demonstrate photosensitive epilepsies, such as

A

JME or Reflex epilepsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

May trigger seizures such as absence, or accentuate focal slowing

A

Hyperventilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Show focal spike-and-wave activity on an EEG
Focal-onset seizures
26
Shows generalized spike-and-wave activity on an EEG
Primary Generalized Seizures
27
Looking for an underlying structural lesion as the source of a focal-onset seizure, e.g. stroke, tumor, hippocampal sclerosis, and many more
MRI of the brain
28
A disorder of the brain that results in seizures that are recurrent, unprovoked, and sterotyped
Epilepsy
29
Multiple events daily, can be over a hundred seizures per day - Usually lasts more than 10 seconds - Contribute to poor academic performance
Childhood absence epilepsy
30
Childhood absence epilepsy is often triggered by
Hyperventilation
31
The EEG for childhood absence epilepsy shows
3 Hz generalized spike-and-wave
32
Characterized by brief, bizarre, and nocturnal seizures
Frontal Epilepsy
33
Characterized by sensory based seizures
Parietal Epilepsy
34
Characterized by seizures with formed visual phenomena
Occipital Epilepsy
35
Nighttime focal onset or rapid secondary generalized seizure -Most common type of childhood epilepsy
Benign Rolandic Epilepsy
36
Characterized by speech arrest, drooling, “gurgling,” facial tonic-clonic activity, facial hemisensory -Ages 4-15 and most common around 7
Benign Rolandic Epilepsy
37
What does the EEG of benign Rolandic Epilepsy show>
Bilateral independent centrotemporal spikes
38
Characterized by multiple seizure types: axial tonic, atonic, atypical absence, and more
Lennox-Gastaut Epilepsy
39
Can start anywhere from infancy to 14 years of age, mostly commonly 2-3 years old -More common in boys
Lennox-Gastaut Epilepsy
40
Lennox-Gastaut Epilepsy is characterized by
Cognitive impaitment or regression
41
What does the EEG for Lennox-Gastaut show?
Slow spike-and-wave
42
West syndrome: combination of spasms, hypsarrhythmia, and developmental regression -onset between 3 and 18 months
Infantile spasms
43
Combination of spasms, hypsarrhythmia, and developmental regression
West syndrome
44
Flexor, extensor, or flexor-extensor events occurring in clusters around sleep-wake transition
Infantile spasms
45
EEG shows hypsarrhythmia: chaotic, high-amplitude, multifocal spikes, electrodecrement
Infantile Spasms
46
Certain populations are more vulnerable such as children affected with trisomy 21 or tuberous sclerosis
Infantile Spasms
47
How do we treat West Syndrome/Infantile Spasms?
ACTH, vigabatrin, steroids, and ketogenic diet
48
A combination of increased neuronal excitability, hypersynchronization, and inability to self-terminate
Seizures
49
Synaptic connectivity leading to propogation
Hypersynchronization
50
Failure of negative feedback or feed forward loop
Inability to self-terminate
51
Epilepsies with genetic underpinning encode for proteins in
Ion Channels
52
Particularly prone to synchronized bursts of activity
Cerebral Cortex and Hippocampus
53
The recurrence rate of single idiopathic seizures is
~50%
54
Treatment is typically done following the
Second Seizure
55
About 40% of patients are seizure free after one
AED
56
What percentage of additional patients are seizure free on two AEDs?
20%
57
Injection of an anesthetic (sodium amobarbital (Amytal) or sodium methohexital) into the right or left internal carotid artery -Test each hemisphere for memory and language
Wada Test
58
What is the success rate for surgery on temporal lobe epilepsy?
50-80%
59
What is the surgical success rate for extra temporal lobe epilepsy?
Nearly 40%
60
Traditionally defined as: - One continuous seizure > 30 minutes - OR recurrent seizures without regaining consciousness between seizures for > 30 minutes
Status Epilepticus
61
What is the acute management for status epilepticus?
ABCs, IV lorazepam or diazepam, or fosphenytoin

NBB Test 2 (33 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions